< Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition
Volume IV
Bokhara — Canoe
Bo Br Bu C – Ca
  • Bokhara, country and town, Central Asia.
  • Bolbec, town, France.
  • Boleyn, Anne, wife of Henry VIII. of England.
  • Boli, town, Asiatic Turkey.
  • Bolingbroke, Viscount (Henry St John).
  • Bolivar, Simon, South-American liberator.
  • Bolivia, country, South America.
  • Bollandist Fathers, authors of Acta Sanctorum.
  • Bologna, province & town, Italy.
  • Bologne, Jean (Giovanni da Bologna), sculptor.
  • Bolsena, town, Italy.
  • Bolton, town, Lancashire, England.
  • Bolzano, Bernhard, Catholic theologian.
  • Bombay, presidency, India.
    • Bombay City and Island.
  • Bonald, Vicomte de, French philosopher.
  • Bonaparte, Corsican family.
  • Bonaventura, St, theologian and philosopher.
  • Bondu, kingdom, West Africa.
  • Bone, town, Algeria.
  • Bone, Henry, English enamel painter.
  • Bonfigli, Benedetto, Italian painter.
  • Bongo, people, Central Africa.
  • Boni, kingdom, Celebes.
  • Boniface, St, apostle of Germany.
  • Boniface, popes.
  • Bonifacio, town, Corsica.
  • Bonn, town, Rhenish Prussia.
  • Bonner, Edmund, bishop of London.
  • Bonnet, Charles, Swiss naturalist and philosopher.
  • Bonneval, Comte de, French adventurer.
  • Bonnivard, François de (Prisoner of Chillon), Swiss writer.
  • Bonpland, Aimé, French botanist and traveller.
  • Bonstetten, Charles Victor de, Swiss writer.
  • Bonvicino, Alejandro (Moretto, q. v.).
  • Book.
    • Bookselling.
  • Bookbinding.
  • Book-Keeping.
  • Boole, George, English mathematician and logician.
  • Boom, town, Belgium.
  • Boomerang, Australian missile.
  • Booth, Barton, English tragedian.
  • Boothia Felix, peninsula, North America.
  • Bopp, Franz, German philologist.
  • Borax, mineral.
  • Borda, Jean Charles, French mathematician.
  • Bordeaux, town, France.
  • Boreas, in Greek mythology.
  • Borelli, Giovanni Alfonso, Italian physician.
  • Borga, town, Russian Finland.
  • Borgerhout, town, Belgium.
  • Borghese, Italian family.
  • Borgia, Cæsar and Lucretia, children of Pope Alexander VI.
  • Borgo San Donnino, town, Italy.
  • Borgognone, Ambrogio (Fossano, q. v.), Italian painter.
  • Borgu, district, Central Africa.
  • Boring, in mining.
  • Borissogliebsk, town, Russia.
  • Borku, district, Central Africa.
  • Borlase, William, English naturalist.
  • Born, Ignatius, Baron von, Austrian mineralogist.
  • Börne, Ludwig, German satirist.
  • Borneo, island, Indian Archipelago.
  • Bornholm, island, Denmark.
  • Bornu, or Bornon, kingdom, Central Africa.
  • Borough.
  • Borough-English, succession custom.
  • Borovichi, town, Russia.
  • Borovsk, town, Russia.
  • Borromean Islands, Lago Maggiore, Italy.
  • Borromeo, Carlo, saint and cardinal.
  • Borromini, Francesco, Italian architect.
  • Borrowstounness, or Bo'ness, town, Scotland.
  • Bory de Saint-Vincent, French naturalist.
  • Bosa, town, Sardinia.
  • Bosc, Louis Augustine Guillaume, French naturalist.
  • Boscan, Juan, Spanish poet.
  • Boscawen, Edward, British admiral.
  • Boscovich, Roger Joseph, Italian mathematician.
  • Bosna Serai, town, Europe in Turkey.
  • Bosnia, province, Turkey.
  • Bosphorus, strait.
  • Bossi, Giuseppe, Italian painter and critic.
  • Bossi, Giuseppe Carlo Aurelio, Baron de, Italian poet.
  • Bossu, René le, French critic.
  • Bossuet, Jacques Benigne, French ecclesiastic and orator.
  • Boston, town, England.
  • Boston, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
  • Boston, Thomas, Scottish divine.
  • Boswell, James, biographer of Johnson.
  • Botany.
    • Structural Elements of Plants.
      • Cells and Vessels—Cellular and Vascular Tissue.
      • Integumentary System.
    • Organs of Plants.
      • Organs of Nutrition.
    • ...
    • Explanation of the Plates.
  • Botany Bay, settlement, New South Wales.
  • Bothnia, province, Sweden.
  • Bothnia, Gulf of.
  • Bothwell, village, Scotland.
  • Bothwell, Earl of.
  • Botta, Carlo Giuseppe Gulgielmo, Italian historian.
  • Botticelli, Sandro, Italian painter.
  • Böttinger, Karl August, German archæologist.
  • Bottle.
  • Bottomry, maritime contract.
  • Botzen, town, Austria.
  • Bouches-du-Rhone, department, France.
  • Boufarik, town, Algeria.
  • Bouflers, Duc de, marshal of France.
  • Bougainville, Louis Antoine de, French circumnavigator.
  • Bougie, town, Algeria.
  • Bouguer, Pierre, French mathematician.
  • Bouhours, Dominique, French critic.
  • Bouillon, Godfrey de, crusader.
  • Boulainvilliers, Henri de, French writer.
  • Boulogne-sur-Mer, town, France.
  • Boulton, Matthew, English engineer.
  • Bourbon, House of.
  • Bourbon (Réunion, q. v.), island, Indian Ocean.
  • Bourbon-l'Archambault, town, France.
  • Bourbon-Vendée (La Roche sur Yon, q. v.).
  • Bourbonne-les-Bains, town, France.
  • Bourchier, John, English writer.
  • Bourdaloue, Louis, French preacher.
  • Bourg, town, France.
  • Bourgas, town, Turkey.
  • Bourgelat, Claude, French veterinarian.
  • Bourges, town, France.
  • Bourignon, Antoinette, French enthusiast.
  • Bourne, Vincent, English writer of Latin verse.
  • Bournemouth, town, Hampshire.
  • Bourrienne, Louis A. F. de, biographer of Napoleon I.
  • Boursault, Edmund, French satirist.
  • Boussa, town, Africa.
  • Bouterwek, Friedrich, German philosopher.
  • Bovali, town, Loango, Africa.
  • Boves, township, Italy.
  • Bovino, town, Italy.
  • Bow and Arrows (See Archery and Arms and Armour).
  • Bowdich, Thomas Edward, English traveller.
  • Bowditch, Nathaniel, American mathematician.
  • Bowles, Caroline Ann (Southey, Caroline, q. v.), English poetess.
  • Bowles, William Lisle, English poet.
  • Bowls, game.
  • Bowring, Sir John, English writer.
  • Boxwood.
  • Boyaca, town, Colombia.
  • Boyce, Hector (Boece, Hector, q. v.), Scottish historian.
  • Boyce, William, English musical composer.
  • Boyd, Zachary, Scottish clergyman.
  • Boydell, John, English engraver.
  • Boyer, Abel, English writer.
  • Boyer, Alexis, French surgeon.
  • Boyer, Jean Baptiste, French physician.
  • Boyer, Jean Pierre, president of Hayti.
  • Boyle, Charles, earl of Orrery.
  • Boyle, John, earl of Cork and Orrery.
  • Boyle, Richard, earl of Cork.
  • Boyle, Richard, earl of Cork and Burlington.
  • Boyle, Robert, British physicist.
  • Boyle, Roger, earl of Orrery, soldier and statesman.
  • Boyne, river, Ireland.
  • Boyse, John, translator of English Bible.
  • Bozrah, Scripture cities.
  • Bozzaris, Marcos, Greek patriot.
  • Bra, town, Italy.
  • Brabant, district and province, Netherlands & Belgium.
  • Bracciolini, Francesco, Italian poet.
  • Bracciolini, Gian Francesco Poggio (Poggio, q. v.), Italian humanist.
  • Bracelet.
  • Brachiopoda, class of invertebrate animals.
  • Brachylogus, book of Roman law.
  • Bracton, Henry de, English jurist.
  • Bradford, town, Yorkshire, England.
  • Bradford, John, English martyr.
  • Bradley, James, British astronomer.
  • Bradshaw, Henry, English poet.
  • Bradshaw, John, judge of Charles I.
  • Bradwardin, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury.
  • Brady, Nicholas, translator of the Psalms.
  • Braga, town, Portugal.
  • Bragança, or Braganza, town, Portugal.
  • Braham, John, English vocalist and composer.
  • Brahé, Tycho, Danish astronomer.
  • Brahma Samaj, theistic church, India.
  • Brahmanism.
  • Brahmaputra, river, Tibet and India.
  • Brain, The human (See Anatomy, Physiology, Psychology, & Mental Diseases).
  • Brainerd, David, missionary to American Indians.
  • Braintree, town, England.
  • Brake, town, Germany.
  • Brake.
  • Bramah, Joseph, English machinist.
  • Bramante, Lazzari, Italian architect and painter.
  • Brambantino (Suardi, Bartolommeo, q. v.), Italian painter.
  • Brambanan, Hindu ruins, Java.
  • Brande, William Thomas, English chemist.
  • Brandenburg, province & town, Prussia.
  • Brandis, Christian August, German writer.
  • Brandt, Sebastian, German satirist.
  • Brandy, spirituous liquor.
  • Brantford, town, Canada.
  • Brantôme, Seigneur de, French historian.
  • Brasidas, Spartan general.
  • Brass, alloy of copper and zinc.
  • Brasses, Monumental.
  • Brassey, Thomas, English railway contractor.
  • Braunsberg, town, Prussia.
  • Bray, town, Ireland.
  • Bray, Sir Reginald, English architect.
  • Bray, Dr Thomas, missionary to American Indians.
  • Brazil.
  • Brazil, Island of.
  • Brazil Nut.
  • Brazil Wood.
  • Brazza, island, Adriatic Sea.
  • Bread, Manufacture of (See Baking).
  • Bread Fruit.
  • Breakwater.
  • Brechin, town, Scotland.
  • Brecon, or Brecknock, county, Wales.
  • Breda, town, Holland.
  • Breda, Jan van, Dutch painter.
  • Bredow, Gabriel Gottfried, German historian.
  • Breeds and Breeding.
  • Bregentz, or Bregenz, town, Tyrol, Austria.
  • Brehon Law, ancient Irish law.
  • Breislak, Scipione, Italian geologist.
  • Bremen, free town, Germany.
  • Bremer, Fredrika, Swedish novelist.
  • Bremerhaven, town, Germany.
  • Brennus, Celtic kings.
  • Brentano, Clemens, German writer.
  • Brentford, town, England.
  • Brescia, province & town, Italy.
  • Breslau, town, Prussian Silesia.
  • Brest, town, France.
  • Brest-Litovsk, town, Russia.
  • Bretagne (Brittany, q. v.), province, France.
  • Bretschneider, Karl Gottlieb, German scholar.
  • Breughel, Jan, Flemish painter.
  • Breughel, Peeter, Flemish caricaturist.
  • Breviarium Alaricanum, Roman law.
  • Breviary, church service book.
  • Brewing.
  • Brewster, Sir David, Scottish physicist.
  • Briançon, town, France.
  • Briansk, town, Russia.
  • Briareus, in Greek mythology.
  • Bribery.
  • Brick.
  • Bridaine, Jacques, French preacher.
  • Bridgenorth, or Bridgnorth, town, England.
  • Bridgeport, town, Connecticut, U.S.A.
  • Bridges.
    • Strength and other Properties of Materials employed in Bridges.
    • Beams or Girders.
    • ...
    • Index of Principal Subjects.
    • Index of References to Bridges.
    • List of Tables.
  • Bridget, St, of Ireland.
  • Bridget, St, of Sweden.
  • Bridgetown (See Barbados), town, Barbados.
  • Bridgewater, or Bridgwater, town, England.
  • Bridgewater,Third Duke of.
  • Bridgewater, Eighth Earl of.
  • Bridlington, town, England.
  • Bridport, town, England.
  • Brieg, town, Prussia.
  • Briel, or Brielle, town, Holland.
  • Brigade, subdivision of an army.
  • Brigade-Major.
  • Brigadier.
  • Briggs, Henry, English mathematician.
  • Brighton, town, England.
  • Bright's Disease.
  • Brignoles, town, France.
  • Bril, Paul, Flemish painter.
  • Brindisi, town, Italy.
  • Brindley, James, English engineer.
  • Brioude, town, France.
  • Brisbane, town, Queensland.
  • Brisbane, Sir Thomas M., astronomer.
  • Brisson, Mathurin Jacques, French naturalist.
  • Brissot, Jean Pierre, Girondist.
  • Bristol, town, England.
  • Bristol, town, Rhode Island, U.S.A.
  • Britannia.
  • Britannicus, son of the Roman emperor Claudius.
  • Brittany, province, France.
  • Britton, summary of early English law.
  • Britton, John, English antiquary.
  • Brives-la-Gaillarde, town, France.
  • Brixen, town, Tyrol.
  • Brixham, town, England.
  • Broach, district and town, India.
  • Broadstairs, town, England.
  • Brocchi, Giovanni Battista, Italian geologist.
  • Brockhaus, Friedrich Arnold, German publisher.
  • Brocklesby, Richard, English physician.
  • Broderip, William John, English naturalist.
  • Brodie, Sir Benjamin Collins, English surgeon.
  • Brody, town, Austria.
  • Broglie, Achille L. V. C., Duc de, French statesman.
  • Broker, intermediate agent.
  • Bromberg, town, Prussia.
  • Brome, Alexander, English poet.
  • Brome, Richard, English dramatist.
  • Bromine, chemical element.
  • Bromley, town, England.
  • Bromsgrove, town, England.
  • Bronchitis, disease.
  • Bröndsted, Peter Oluf, Danish archæologist.
  • Brongniart, Alexandre, French mineralogist.
  • Bronte, town, Sicily.
  • Bronte, Charlotte, English novelist.
  • Bronze, alloy of copper and tin.
    • Greek and Roman Bronze.
  • Brooch, ornamental pin.
  • Brooke, Francis, English novelist.
  • Brooke, Henry, English writer.
  • Brooke, Sir James, rajah of Sarawak.
  • Brookes, Joshua, English anatomist.
  • Brooklyn, town, New York, U.S.A.
  • Brooks, Charles Shirley, English writer.
  • Broome, William, English writer.
  • Broseley, town, England.
  • Brosses, Charles de, French writer.
  • Brougham, Lord, lord chancellor of England.
  • Broughton, Hugh, English divine.
  • Broughton, Thomas, English divine.
  • Broughton, J. Cam Hobhouse, Lord, English statesman.
  • Broukhusius, Jan, Dutch scholar.
  • Broussa, town, Asiatic Turkey.
  • Broussais, François Joseph Victor, French anatomist.
  • Broussonet, Pierre Marie Auguste, French naturalist.
  • Brouwer, Adrian, Dutch painter.
  • Brown, Charles Brockden, American novelist.
  • Brown, John, English divine.
  • Brown, John, of Haddington, Scottish divine.
  • Brown, John, Scottish physician.
  • Brown, John, Scottish divine.
  • Brown, John, American abolitionist.
  • Brown, or Browne, Robert, founder of the Brownist sect.
  • Brown, Robert, Scottish botanist.
  • Brown, Samuel, chemist, poet, and essayist.
  • Brown, Thomas, English humorist.
  • Brown, Thomas, Scottish psychologist.
  • Brown, Ulysses Maximilian, imperial general.
  • Brown, William Laurence, Scottish theologian.
  • Browne, Charles Farrar (Artemus Ward), American humorist.
  • Browne, Isaac Hawkins, English poet.
  • Browne, Peter, bishop of Cork, theologian.
  • Browne, James, Scottish litterateur.
  • Browne, Sir Thomas, English moralist.
  • Browne, William, English pastoral poet.
  • Browne, William George, English traveller.
  • Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, English poetess.
  • Brownists, religious sect.
  • Bruce, James, African traveller.
  • Bruce, Michael, Scottish poet.
  • Bruce, Robert, or The Bruce, king of Scotland (See Scotland).
  • Bruchsal, town, Germany.
  • Bruck, two towns, Austria.
  • Brückenau, town, Bavaria.
  • Brucker, James, German philosophical writer.
  • Bruges, or Brugge, town, Belgium.
  • Brumath, or Brumpt, town, German Alsace.
  • Brunck, Richard François Philippe, French scholar.
  • Brundisium, or Brundusium (Brindisi, q. v.), ancient town, Italy.
  • Brunel, Isambard Kingdom, English engineer.
  • Brunel, Sir Marc Isambard, engineer and architect.
  • Brunelleschi, Filippo, Italian architect.
  • Brunet, Jacques Charles, French bibliographer.
  • Bruni, Leonardo, Italian scholar.
  • Brünn, town, Moravia.
  • Bruno, St, founder of the Carthusians.
  • Bruno, Giordano, Italian philosopher.
  • Brunswick, duchy, Germany.
  • Brunswick, town, Maine, U.S.A.
  • Brunton, Mrs Mary, Scottish novelist.
  • Brushes and Brooms.
  • Brussels, capital of Belgium.
  • Bruton, town, England.
  • Brutus, Roman family.
  • Brutus, or Brute, fabulous king of Britain.
  • Brux, town, Bohemia.
  • Bruyère, Jean de la (La Bruyère, q. v.), French moralist.
  • Bryant, Jacob, English writer.
  • Bryaxis, Greek sculptor.
  • Brydges, Sir Samuel Egerton, English writer.
  • Brzezany, town, Austria.
  • Bubastis, Egyptian goddess.
  • Buccaneers, piratical adventurers.
  • Buccari, town, Hungary.
  • Buccino, town, Italy.
  • Bucer, Martin, German Reformer.
  • Buch, Leopold von, German geologist.
  • Buchanan, George, Scottish scholar.
  • Buchanan, James, president, United States.
  • Bucharest, town, Roumania.
  • Buchez, Philippe Joseph Benjamin, French writer.
  • Buchu Leaves, drug.
  • Bückeburg, town, Germany.
  • Buckingham, county, England.
  • Buckingham, George Villiers, first duke of.
  • Buckingham, George Villiers, second duke of.
  • Buckinghamshire, John Sheffield, duke of.
  • Buckland, William, dean of Westminster, geologist.
  • Buckle, Henry Thomas, English historian.
  • Buckwheat, edible plant.
  • Buda, town, Hungary.
  • Budæus, Gulielmus, French writer.
  • Budaun, district, India.
  • Buddæus, John Francis, Lutheran divine.
  • Buddhism, Asiatic religion.
    • Part I.—The Life of Gautama Buddha.
    • Part II.—Early Buddhism.
    • Part III.—Later Buddhism.
  • Budgel, Estace, English writer.
  • Budget, financial statement.
  • Budweis, town, Bohemia.
  • Buenos Ayres, province and town, Argentine Republic.
  • Buffalo, genus of ruminant mammals.
  • Buffalo, town, New York, U.S.A.
  • Buffier, Claude, French philosophical writer.
  • Buffon, George Louis Leclerc, Comte de, French naturalist.
  • Bug, insect.
  • Bugenhagen, Johann, German Reformer.
  • Bugulma, town, Russia.
  • Buguruslan, town, Russia.
  • Buhle, Johann Gottlieb, German scholar.
  • Buhl-work.
  • Building.
    • General Principles of Construction.
    • ...
    • Index of Principal Subjects.
  • Building Societies.
  • Buitenzorg, town, Java.
  • Bujalance, town, Spain.
  • Bukowina, duchy, Austria.
  • Bulacan, town, Luzon, Philippine Islands.
  • Bulandshahr, district, India.
  • Bulgaria, province of European Turkey.
  • Bulgarin, Thaddäus, Russian writer.
  • Bulgarus, Italian jurist.
  • Bull, papal letter (Bulls and Briefs, q. v.).
  • Bull, George, bishop of St David's.
  • Bull, John, English composer and organist.
  • Bulla, ornament and seal.
  • Bullfinch, bird.
  • Bullinger, Heinrich, Swiss Reformer.
  • Bullion.
  • Bulls and Briefs, Papal.
  • Bülow, Friedrich Wilhelm, Prussian general.
  • Bulwer, Sir Henry, Lord Dalling.
  • Bulwer Lytton, E. G. F. L. (Lord Lytton), English novelist.
  • Bundelkhand, or Bundeleund, district.
  • Bundi, Rajput state, India.
  • Bunker Hill, U.S.A., Battle of (1775).
  • Bunsen, Christian Charles Josias, Baron von.
  • Bunting, bird.
  • Bunting, Jabez, Wesleyan divine.
  • Bunyan, John, Puritan divine.
  • Bunzlau, town, Prussia.
  • Bunzlau, town, Bohemia.
  • Buonafede, Appiano, Italian philosophical writer.
  • Buonarroti, Michelangelo (Michel Angelo, q. v.), Italian painter and sculptor.
  • Buoy, floating signal.
  • Bupalus and Athenis, Greek sculptors.
  • Buphonia, Greek religious festival.
  • Burckhardt, John Ludwig, Swiss traveller.
  • Burder, George, author of Village Sermons.
  • Burdett, Sir Francis, English politician.
  • Burg, town, Prussia.
  • Burgage, form of tenure.
  • Burgdorf, town, Switzerland.
  • Bürger, Gottfried August, German poet.
  • Burgersdyk, Francis, Dutch logician.
  • Burgess, Daniel, English Dissenting divine.
  • Burgess, Thomas, bishop of Salisbury.
  • Burghley, Lord (Cecil, William, q. v.), minister of Queen Elizabeth.
  • Burgkmair, Hans, German engraver.
  • Burglary, crime.
  • Burgos, province, Spain.
  • Burgoyne, John, British general.
  • Burgoyne, Sir John Fox, British field-marshal.
  • Burgundio, Italian jurist.
  • Burgundy, duchy and province, France.
  • Burhanpur, town, India.
  • Burial and Burial Acts.
  • Burial Rites (Funeral, q. v.).
  • Buriats, Mongolian race.
  • Buridan, Jean, French philosopher.
  • Burke, Edmund, British statesman and writer.
  • Burke, Robert O'Hara, Australian explorer.
  • Burlamaqui, Jean Jacques, Swiss philosopher.
  • Burlington, town, Vermont, U.S.A.
  • Burlington, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.
  • Burlington, town, Iowa, U.S.A.
  • Burmah, empire, Asia.
  • Burmah, British.
  • Burmann, Pieter, Dutch scholar.
  • Burnes, Sir Alexander, traveller, Central Asia.
  • Burnet, Gilbert, bishop of Salisbury, historian.
  • Burnet, Thomas, English writer.
  • Burnett, James (Monboddo, Lord, q. v.), Scottish philosopher.
  • Burney, Charles, English writer on music.
  • Burney, Charles, English scholar.
  • Burney, Frances (D'Arblay, Madame, q. v.), English authoress.
  • Burnley, town, England.
  • Burnouf, Eugène, French Orientalist.
  • Burnouf, Jean Louis, French scholar.
  • Burns, Robert, Scottish poet.
  • Burntisland, town, Scotland.
  • Burslem, town, England.
  • Burton, Robert, English moralist.
  • Burton-on-Trent, town, England.
  • Burtscheid, town, Prussia.
  • Buru, island, Indian Archipelago.
  • Bury, town, England.
  • Bury, Richard de (Aungervyle, q. v.).
  • Bury St Edmonds, town, England.
  • Busbecq, Augier Ghislen de, Flemish traveller.
  • Busby, Richard, headmaster of Westminster School.
  • Busca, town, Italy.
  • Büsching, Anton Friedrich, German geographer.
  • Bushire, or Bushair, town, Persia.
  • Bushmen, African race.
  • Bushnell, Horace, American theologian.
  • Busiris, mythical Egyptian king.
  • Busiris, ancient town, Egypt.
  • Bussorah, or Basra, town, Asiatic Turkey.
  • Bustard, bird.
  • Busto Arsizio, town, Italy.
  • Butades, Greek potter.
  • Butcher-Bird.
  • Bute, county, Scotland.
  • Bute, Earl of (John Stuart), English statesman.
  • Butler, Alban, author of Lives of the Saints.
  • Butler, Charles, English writer.
  • Butler, James (Ormond, first duke of, q. v.).
  • Butler, Joseph, bishop of Durham.
  • Butler, Samuel, author of Hudibras.
  • Butler, William Archer, Irish philosophical writer.
  • Buto, Egyptian goddess.
  • Butrinto, town, Albania.
  • Butter.
  • Butterflies and Moths, group of insects.
  • Buttmann, Philipp Karl, German philologist.
  • Button, and button making.
  • Buxton, town, England.
  • Buxton, Jedidiah, arithmetical prodigy.
  • Buxton, Sir Thomas Fowell, English philanthropist.
  • Buxtorf, John (d. 1629), German Hebraist.
  • Buxtorf, John (d. 1664), Swiss Hebraist.
  • Buzzard, bird.
  • Byng, George, Viscount Torrington, admiral.
  • Byng, John, British admiral.
  • Bynkershoek, Cornelius van, Dutch jurist.
  • Byrom, John, English poet.
  • Byron, Lord, English poet.
  • Byron, John, English poet.
  • Byström, Johann Nicolaus, Swedish sculptor.
  • Byzantine Empire (Greek Empire, q. v.).
  • Byzantine Historians.
  • Byzantium.
  • C, the third letter of the alphabet.
  • Caaba (Kaaba, q. v.), sacred stone, Mecca.
  • Cabagan, town, Luzon, Philippine Islands.
  • Cabanis, Pierre Jean George, French physiologist.
  • Cabarrus, François, Spanish financier.
  • Cabatuan, town, Philippine Islands.
  • Cabazera, town, Philippine Islands.
  • Cabbage.
  • Cabbala and Cabbalists (Kabbala, q. v.).
  • Cabenda, vegetable.
  • Cabet, Étienne, French communist.
  • Cabeza del Buey, town, Spain.
  • Cabinet, The British.
  • Cabiri, in mythology.
  • Cable, for ship.
  • Cabot, Sebastian, English navigator.
  • Cabra, town, Spain.
  • Cabul, town and province, Afghanistan.
  • Cacao (See Cocoa), tree and fruit.
  • Caceres, town, Spain.
  • Cachao, town, Anam.
  • Cacheo, or Cachao, town, West Africa.
  • Cachoeira, town, Brazil.
  • Cacongo, or Kakongo, kingdom, West Africa.
  • Cactus, group of plants.
  • Cadahalso, José de, Spanish poet.
  • Cadiz, town, Spain.
  • Cadmium, chemical element.
  • Cadmus, in Greek legend.
  • Caduceus, Greek symbol of herald's office.
  • Cædmon, Anglo-Saxon poet.
  • Caen, town, France.
  • Cære, ancient town, Etruria.
  • Caerleon, town, Monmouth, England.
  • Caermarthen (Carmarthen, q. v.), county and town, Wales.
  • Caernarvon (Carnarvon, q. v.), county and town, Wales.
  • Cæsalpinus, Andreas, Italian natural philosopher.
  • Cæsar, Caius Julius, Roman dictator.
  • Cæsar, Sir Julius, English scholar.
  • Cæsarea, towns, Palestine.
  • Cæsarea, town, Cappadocia, Asia Minor.
  • Caffraria (Kaffraria, q. v.).
  • Cagli, town, Italy.
  • Cagliari, town, Sardinia.
  • Cagliari, Paolo (Veronese, q. v.), Italian painter.
  • Cagliostro, Alessandro, Count, charlatan.
  • Cagnola, Luigi, Marquis, Italian architect.
  • Cagots, race of people, France and Spain.
  • Cahors, town, France.
  • Caille, Nicolas Louis de la (La Caille, q. v.).
  • Caillié, or Caillé, René, French African traveller.
  • Cain, of Scripture.
  • Cairn, pile of stones.
  • Cairnes, John Elliott, political economist.
  • Cairngorm, mountain, Scotland.
  • Cairo, town, Egypt.
  • Caisson, in engineering.
  • Caithness, county, Scotland.
  • Caius, John, founder of Caius College, Cambridge.
  • Cajazzo, town, Italy.
  • Cajeput Oil.
  • Cajetan, Cardinal, papal legate to Germany.
  • Calabar, country, West Africa.
  • Calabar Bean, poisonous plant.
  • Calabozo, town, Venezuela.
  • Calabria, district, Italy.
  • Calahorra, town, Spain.
  • Calais, town, France.
  • Calamis (See Archæology), Greek sculptor.
  • Calamy, Edmund, Nonconformist divine (d. 1666).
  • Calamy, Edmund, Nonconformist divine (d. 1732).
  • Calas, Jean, French Protestant.
  • Calasio, Mario de, Italian Biblical scholar.
  • Calatafimi, town, Sicily.
  • Calatayud, town, Spain.
  • Calcar, John de, German painter.
  • Calc-spar, mineral.
  • Calchas, Greek soothsayer.
  • Calculating Machines.
  • Calculus, Infinitesimal (Differential and Integral Calculus, q.v.).
  • Calcutta, capital of India.
    • The Port of Calcutta.
  • Caldani, Leopold Marco Antonio, Italian anatomist.
  • Calder, Sir Robert, British admiral.
  • Calderon de la Barca, Pedro, Spanish dramatist.
  • Calderwood, David, Scottish historian.
  • Caledonia, ancient Northern Britain.
  • Calenberg, principality, Hanover.
  • Calendar.
  • Calender, machine for dressing cloth.
  • Calepino, Ambrogio, Italian lexicographer.
  • Calhoun, John Caldwell, American politician and orator.
  • Calico-Printing.
    • Dye Colours.
    • Oxidation Colours.
    • Steam Colours.
    • Spirit Colours.
  • Calicut, town, India.
  • California, State, U.S.A.
  • Caligula, Caius Cæsar, Roman emperor.
  • Caliph, Mohammedan sovereign.
  • Calisthenics (See Gymnastics), gymnastic exercises.
  • Calitri, town, Italy.
  • Calixtus, or Callistus, popes.
  • Calixtus, Georgius, Lutheran divine.
  • Callao, town, Peru.
  • Callcott, Sir Augustus Wall, English painter.
  • Callcott, John Wall, English composer.
  • Callcott, Mrs Maria Graham, English writer.
  • Callimachus, Greek poet and librarian of the Alexandrian library.
  • Callimachus, Greek architect and statuary.
  • Calliope, Muse of epic poetry.
  • Callirrhoe, in Greek legend.
  • Callisthenes, Greek philosopher.
  • Callisto, in Greek mythology.
  • Callistratus, Athenian orator.
  • Callistratus, Athenian poet.
  • Callot, Jacques, French engraver and caricaturist.
  • Calmar, town, Sweden.
  • Calmet, Augustine, French Biblical critic.
  • Calmucks, or Kalmuks, people, Mongolia.
  • Calne, town, England.
  • Calomel, in chemistry and pharmacy.
  • Calonne, Charles Alexandre de, French statesman.
  • Calpurnius, Titus, Roman poet.
  • Caltagirone, town, Sicily.
  • Caltanisetta, town, Sicily.
  • Calvados, department, France.
  • Calvart, Denis, painter.
  • Calvert, George, Lord Baltimore, English statesman.
  • Calvi, town, Corsica.
  • Calvin, John, Reformer.
  • Calvisius, Sethus, German astronomer.
  • Calydon, ancient town, Greece.
  • Calypso, in Greek mythology.
  • Cam, Diogo, Portuguese discoverer.
  • Camaldulians, Camaldoli, or Camaldolites, religious order.
  • Camarina, ancient town, Sicily.
  • Cambacérès, Jean Jacques Regis de, French statesman.
  • Cambaluc, or Cambalu, ancient capital of China.
  • Cambay, town and gulf, India.
  • Cambert, Robert, French muscial composer.
  • Cambodia, kingdom, south-eastern Asia.
  • Camborne, town, England.
  • Cambray, or Cambrai, town, France.
  • Cambridge, county, England.
  • Cambridge, town, England.
  • Cambridge, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
  • Cambyses, kings of Persia.
  • Camden, town, New Jersey, U.S.A.
  • Camden, town, South Carolina, U.S.A.
  • Camden, William, English antiquary.
  • Camden, First Earl, lord chancellor of England.
  • Camel, ungulate mammal.
  • Camellia, genus of plants.
  • Cameo, engraved relief work.
  • Camera Lucida.
  • Camera Obscura.
  • Camerarius, Joachim, German scholar (d. 1574).
  • Camerarius, Joachim, German physician (d. 1598).
  • Camerino, town, Italy.
  • Cameron, John, Scottish theologian.
  • Cameron, Richard, Scottish covenanter.
  • Cameroons, mountains, Africa.
  • Camillus and Camilla, juvenile assistants at Roman sacrifices.
  • Camillus, Marcus Furius, Roman dictator.
  • Camisards, French insurgents.
  • Camoens, or Camões, Luiz de, Portuguese poet.
  • Camp, Roman.
  • Campagna, town, Italy.
  • Campagna di Roma, district, Italy.
  • Campan, Jeanne Louise Henriette, French writer.
  • Campanella, Tomaso, Italian philosopher.
  • Campania, ancient province, Italy.
  • Campani-Alimenis, Matteo, Italian mechanician.
  • Campanile, bell-tower.
  • Campbell, Sir Colin (Clyde, Lord, q.v), British general.
  • Campbell, George, Scottish theologian and critic.
  • Campbell, John, Scottish historian.
  • Campbell, Thomas, English poet.
  • Campbell, Lord, lord chancellor of England.
  • Campbeltown, town, Scotland.
  • Campe, Joachim Heinrich, German educationist.
  • Campeggio, Lorenzo, cardinal.
  • Camper, Peter, Dutch anatomist.
  • Camphor, aromatic substance.
  • Camophuysen, Dirk Rafaelsz, Dutch painter.
  • Campi, Bernardino, Italian painter.
  • Campi, Giulio, Italian painter.
  • Campian, Edmund, English Jesuit.
  • Campli, town, Italy.
  • Campobasso, town, Italy.
  • Campobello, town, Sicily.
  • Campobello di Licata, town, Sicily.
  • Campomanes, Pedro Rodriguez, Conde de, Spanish statesman and economist.
  • Camuccini, Vincenzo, Italian painter.
  • Camus, Charles Étienne Louis, French mathematician.
  • Cana, of Galilee, Palestine.
  • Canaan, geographical name.
  • Canaanites, people of Phœnicia and Palestine.
  • Canada, The Dominion of.
  • Canal.
  • Canal, or Canaletto, Antonio.
  • Canandaigua, town, New York, U.S.A.
  • Cananore (Kananore, q.v.).
  • Canara (Kanara, q.v.), districts, India.
  • Canary-Bird.
  • Canary Islands, North Atlantic.
  • Cancao, or Cancar, town, Cambodia.
  • Cancer, disease.
  • Cancrin, Franz Ludwig von, German mineralogist.
  • Candahar (Kandahar, q.v.), town, Afghanistan.
  • Candalabrum, ancient lamp-stand.
  • Candeish (Khandesh, q.v.), district, India.
  • Candia (Crete, q.v.), island, European Turkey.
  • Candia, town, Crete.
  • Candiac, Jean Louis, precocious French child.
  • Candle, and candle-making.
  • Candlemas, church festival.
  • Candlestick.
  • Candlish, Robert Smith, Scottish divine.
  • Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de (De Candolle, q.v.).
  • Cane, variety of plants.
  • Canea, town, Crete.
  • Canephori, in Greek festival processions.
  • Canga-Arguelles, José, Spanish statesman.
  • Cangiagio, Luigi (Luchetto da Genova), Italian painter.
  • Canicatti, town, Sicily.
  • Canini, Giovanni Agnolo, Italian engraver.
  • Canitz, Baron von, German poet.
  • Cannæ, ancient town, Italy.
  • Cannes, town, France.
  • Cannibalism.
  • Canning, George, English statesman.
  • Canning, Earl, governor-general of India.
  • Cannon (See Guns and Gunnery and Artillery).
  • Cano, Alonzo, Spanish painter and sculptor.
  • Cano, Melchior, Spanish bishop.
  • Canoe, kind of boat.
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