< Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition
Volume I
A — Anatomy
A – Ac Ad – Ak Al Am – An

 

  • A.
  • Aa, rivers, various European countries.
  • Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle, q.v.), town, Germany.
  • Aalborg, town, Denmark.
  • Aalen, town, Würtemberg.
  • Aar, river, Switzerland.
  • Aarau, town, Switzerland.
  • Aard-vark, species of Edentata.
  • Aargau, canton, Switzerland.
  • Aarhuus, town, Denmark.
  • Aaron, of Scripture.
  • Aarssens, Francis van, Dutch diplomatist.
  • Ababde, African tribe.
  • Abaca, plant.
  • Abacus.
  • Abæ.
  • Abakansk, town, Siberia.
  • Abana and Pharpar, rivers, Syria.
  • Abancay, town, Peru.
  • Abandonment, in marine assurance.
  • Abano, town, Italy.
  • Abano, Pietro d', Italian philosopher.
  • Abaris, the Hyperborean.
  • Abatement, in law and commerce.
  • Abati, Niccolo, Italian painter.
  • Abattoir.
  • Abauzit, Firmin, French writer.
  • Abb, town, Arabia.
  • Abbadie, James, Protestant divine.
  • Abbas I., the Great, shah of Persia.
  • Abbas Mirza, prince of Persia.
  • Abbassides, caliphs of Baghdad.
  • Abbé, French title.
  • Abbeokuta, town, West Africa.
  • Abbess.
  • Abbeville, town, France.
  • Abbey.
  • Abbiate Grasso, town, Italy.
  • Abbon of Fleury, French writer.
  • Abbot.
  • Abbot, Charles, Lord Colchester.
  • Abbot, George, archbishop of Canterbury.
  • Abbot, George, the Puritan.
  • Abbot, Robert, Puritan divine.
  • Abbotsford.
  • Abbotsford Club.
  • Abbreviation, with list.
  • Abbreviators, writers in papal chancery.
  • Abdallatif, physician and traveller.
  • Abd-el-Kader, Algerian emir.
  • Abdera, town, Thrace.
  • Abdera, town, ancient Spain.
  • Abdication, with list.
  • Abdomen.
  • Abdominales, subdivision of fishes.
  • Abduction, in law.
  • Abdul Medjid, Turkish sultan.
  • À Becket, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury.
  • A'Beckett, Gilbert Abbott, English humorist.
  • Abel, of Scripture.
  • Abel, Karl Friedrich, German musician.
  • Abel, Niels Henrik, Norwegian mathematician.
  • Abel, Thomas, English divine.
  • Abelard, Peter, scholastic philosopher.
  • Abencerrages, Moorish family.
  • Abenezra, Jewish writer.
  • Abensberg, town, Bavaria.
  • Aberavon, town, Wales.
  • Aberconway, town, Wales.
  • Abercrombie, John, Scottish physician and philosopher.
  • Abercromby, David, Scottish physician and philosopher.
  • Abercromby, James, speaker of the House of Commons.
  • Abercromby, Patrick, Scottish writer.
  • Abercromby, Sir Ralph, British General.
  • Aberdare, town, Wales.
  • Aberdeen, town, Scotland.
  • Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
  • Aberdeen, Fourth Earl of.
  • Aberdour, village, Scotland.
  • Aberfeldy, village, Scotland.
  • Abergavenny, town, Monmouthshire, England.
  • Abernethy, town, Scotland.
  • Abernethy, John, Irish divine.
  • Abernethy, John, English surgeon.
  • Aberration, of light.
  • Aberystwith, town, Wales.
  • Abettor, in law.
  • Abeyance, in law.
  • Abgar, king of Edessa.
  • Abiad, Bahr-el, river.
  • Abies (See Fir).
  • Abila, ancient town, Syria.
  • Abildgaard, Nikolaj, Dutch painter.
  • Abimelech, of Scripture.
  • Abingdon, town, England.
  • Abiogenesis, in biology.
  • Abipones, Indian tribe.
  • Abkhasia, district, Asiatic Russia.
  • Ablution.
  • Abner, of Scripture.
  • Abo, province, Finland.
  • Abolitionist (See slavery).
  • Abomasum, fourth stomach of ruminants.
  • Abomey, town, Dahomey, West Africa.
  • Aborigines.
  • Abortion, in midwifery.
  • Aboukir, town, Egypt.
  • Abrabanel, Isaac, Jewish statesman and writer.
  • Abracadabra, charm.
  • Abraham, Hebrew patriarch.
  • Abraham a Sancta Clara.
  • Abrantes, town, Portugal.
  • Abrantes, Duke and Duchess of (Junot, q.v.).
  • Abraxas, charm.
  • Abruzzo, province, Italy.
  • Absalom, of Scripture.
  • Absalon, Danish statesman.
  • Abscess, in surgery.
  • Absinthe, liqueur.
  • Absolute, in philosophy.
  • Absolution.
  • Absorption.
  • Abstemii, religious sect.
  • Abstraction, in philosophy.
  • Absurdum, Reductio ad.
  • Abu, sacred mountain, India.
  • Abu-Bekr, caliph, successor of Mohammed.
  • Abulfaragius, Gregorius, Arabian historian.
  • Abulfazl, Indian historian.
  • Abulfeda, Ishmael, Arabic historian.
  • Abulghazi-Bahadur, khan of Khiva.
  • Abuna, title of the archbishop of Abyssinia.
  • Abushehr, town, Persia.
  • Abu-Simbel, Nubia.
  • Abu-Teman, Arabian poet.
  • Abydos, ancient town, Asia Minor.
  • Abydos, ancient town, Egypt.
  • Abyssinia.
  • Acacia, genus of plants.
  • Academy.
  • Acadie, former name of Nova Scotia.
  • Acalephæ, group of animals.
  • Acanthocephala, parasitic worms.
  • Acanthopterygii, order of fishes.
  • Acanthus, genus of plants.
  • Acapulco, town, Mexico.
  • Acarnania, province, ancient Greece.
  • Acarus, genus of arachnida.
  • Acceleration, in dynamics.
  • Accent, in language.
  • Acceptance, in commerce.
  • Accession.
  • Accessory, in criminal law.
  • Acciajuoli, Donato, Italian writer.
  • Accident, in logic.
  • Accius, poet of the 16th century.
  • Accus, Lucius, Latin tragic poet.
  • Acclamation.
  • Acclimatisation.
  • Accolade, in conferring knighthood.
  • Accolti, Benedict, Tuscan lawyer.
  • Accolti, Bernard, improvisatore.
  • Accolti, Pietro, cardinal.
  • Accommodation, in Biblical interpretation.
  • Accommodation, in commerce.
  • Accoramboni, Vittoria, Italian lady.
  • Accordion, musical instrument.
  • Accorso, Francis, Florentine lawyer.
  • Accorso, Mariangelo, Neapolitan critic.
  • Account, Stock Exchange term.
  • Accountant.
  • Accountant-General, Court of Chancery official.
  • Accra, town, West Africa.
  • Accrington, town, England.
  • Accum, Frederick, chemist.
  • Accumulator, electrical machine.
  • Ace, on cards and dice.
  • Acephala, section of molluscs.
  • Acephali.
  • Acer, genus of trees.
  • Acerbi, Giuseppe, Italian traveller.
  • Acernus, Polish poet.
  • Acerra, incense box.
  • Acerra, town, Italy.
  • Acetic acid.
  • Achaia, state, ancient Greece.
  • Achan, of Scripture.
  • Achard, Franz Carl, Prussian chemist.
  • Acharius, Erik, Swedish botanist.
  • Achates, friend of Æneas.
  • Acheen, in Sumatra.
  • Achelous, river, Greece.
  • Achenwall, Gottfried, German writer.
  • Acheron, in classical mythology.
  • Achill, island, Ireland.
  • Achilles, in Greek legend.
  • Achilles Tatius, Greek writer.
  • Achillini, Alexander, Italian anatomist.
  • Áchín, state and town, Sumatra.
  • Achmet, sultans of Turkey.
  • Achray, lake, Scotland.
  • Aci Reale, town, Sicily.
  • Acid, in chemistry.
  • Acidalius, Valens, German writer.
  • Acinaces, Persian sword.
  • Acis, in mythology.
  • Ackermann, John Christian Gottlieb.
  • Acœmetæ, order of monks.
  • Acolyte, order of clergy.
  • Aconcagua, province, Chili.
  • Aconite, genus of plants.
  • Acontius, jurist and theologian.
  • Acorus, genus of plants.
  • Acosta, Christoval d', Portuguese naturalist.
  • Acosta, Joseph d', Spanish writer.
  • Acosta, Uriel d', Portuguese Jewish nobleman.
  • Acotyledones, class of plants.
  • Acoustics.
    • General notions.
    • Velocity of propagation.
    • Reflexion and Refraction.
    • Musical Harmony.
    • Stationary Waves.
    • Musical Strings.
    • Stiff Rods, Plates, &c.
    • Theory of Pipes.
    • Singing Flames.
    • Communication of Vibrations.
    • Interference of Sound.
    • index.
  • Acqui, town, Italy.
  • Acre, measure of surface.
  • Acre, town, Syria.
  • Acrobat.
  • Acroceraunia, promontory, Greece.
  • Acrogenæ, division of plants.
  • Acrolith, in statuary.
  • Acron, Sicilian physician.
  • Acropolis, citadel, Athens.
  • Acrostic.
  • Act, in dramatic literature.
  • Act, in law.
  • Act of Parliament.
  • Act of Sederunt, in Scots law.
  • Acts of the Apostles.
  • Acta Consistorii, Roman edicts.
  • Acta Diurna, Roman gazette.
  • Acta Senatus, minutes of the Roman Senate.
  • Actæon, in mythology.
  • Actian Games, at Rome.
  • Actinia, genus of animals.
  • Actinism, property of solar rays.
  • Actinometer, thermometer for solar rays.
  • Actinozoa, group of animals.
  • Action, in law.
  • Actium, in ancient geography.
  • Acton, village, England.
  • Acton, Sir John F. E., Neapolitan commander.
  • Actuary.
  • Acuña, Christoval d', Spanish traveller.
  • Acupressure, in surgery.
  • Acupuncture, in surgery.
  • Adafudia, town, Western Africa.
  • Adal, country, Eastern Africa.
  • Adalbert, archbishop of Bremen and Hamburg.
  • Adalbert, bishop of Prague.
  • Adam, of Scripture.
  • Adam of Bremen, ecclesiastical historian.
  • Adam, Alexander, classical teacher.
  • Adam, Melchior, German writer.
  • Adam, Robert, Scottish architect.
  • Adam, William, Scottish politician.
  • Adam's Bridge, chain of sandbanks, Ceylon.
  • Adam's Peak, mountain, Ceylon.
  • Adamawa, country, Central Africa.
  • Adamites, heretical sect.
  • Adamnan, Scottish saint and author.
  • Adams, John, president of the United States.
  • Adams, John Quincy, president of the United States.
  • Adams, Richard, English divine.
  • Adams, Samuel, American statesman.
  • Adams, Thomas, English Puritan divine.
  • Adamson, Patrick, archbishop of St Andrews.
  • Adana, town, Asiatic Turkey.
  • Adanson, Michel, French naturalist.
  • Adda, river, Italy.
  • Adder, reptile.
  • Addington, Henry, English prime minister.
  • Addison, Joseph, English essayist and poet.
  • Adel, country, Eastern Africa.
  • Adelaar, Cort Sivartsen, naval commander.
  • Adelaide, town, South Australia.
  • Adelsberg, town, Austria.
  • Adelung, Friedrich von, German philologist.
  • Adelung, Johann Christoph, German philologist.
  • Aden, town, Arabia.
  • Aderno, town, Sicily.
  • Adersbach Rocks, Germany.
  • Adhesion, in physics.
  • Adiaphorists.
  • Adige, river, Austria and Italy.
  • Adipocere.
  • Adipose.
  • Adirondack Mountains, New York, U.S.A.
  • Adit, drainage tunnel in a mine.
  • Adjudication, in law.
  • Adjustment, in commerce.
  • Adjutage, delivery tube for liquids.
  • Adjutant, military officer.
  • Adjutant, bird.
  • Adjygurh, town, India.
  • Administrator, in law.
  • Admiral, naval officer.
  • Admiralty, High Court of.
  • Admiralty Charts.
  • Admiralty Island, United States.
  • Admiralty Islands, Pacific Ocean.
  • Adolphus, John, English historian.
  • Adolphus, John Leycester.
  • Adonis, of Greek legend.
  • Adonis, genus of plants.
  • Adonis, river, Syria.
  • Adoption Controversy (8th century).
  • Adoption, in law.
  • Adoration.
  • Adour, river, France.
  • Adowa, town, Abyssinia.
  • Adra, town, Spain.
  • Adrastus, in Greek legend.
  • Adria, town, Italy.
  • Adria, part of the Mediterranean.
  • Adrian, town, Michigan, U.S.A.
  • Adrian, Publius Ælius (Hadrian, q.v.), Roman emperor.
  • Adrian, popes.
  • Adrian, cardinal.
  • Adriani, Giovanni Battista, Florentine historian.
  • Adrianople, province, Turkey in Europe.
  • Adriatic Sea.
  • Adule, ancient town, Eastern Africa.
  • Adullam, Cave of.
  • Adulteration.
  • Adultery.
  • Advent, in the calendar.
  • Advertisement.
  • Advocate, legal pleader.
  • Advocation, in Scots law.
  • Advowson, in English law.
  • Adytum, of temple.
  • Æacus, in mythology.
  • Ædile, Roman public officer.
  • Ægades, islands, west of Sicily.
  • Ægean Sea, Mediterranean.
  • Ægeus, in Greek legend.
  • Ægina, in mythology.
  • Ægina, island, Greece.
  • Ægineta, Paulus, Greek surgeon.
  • Ægis, in mythology.
  • Ægisthus, in Greek legend.
  • Ægospotami, river, Thrace.
  • Ælfric, old English writer.
  • Ælia Capitolina, a name of Jerusalem.
  • Ælianus, Claudius, Roman writer.
  • Æmilius Paulus (Paulus, q.v.), Roman general.
  • Æmilius, Paulus, Italian historian.
  • Æneas, in classical legend.
  • Æneas Silvius (Pius II., q.v.), pope.
  • Æoliæ Insulæ, Mediterranean.
  • Æolian Harp, musical instrument.
  • Æolus, in mythology.
  • Æon, space of time.
  • Æpinus, Franz, German chemist.
  • Æqui, ancient people, Italy.
  • Ærarians, class of citizens, ancient Rome.
  • Ærarium, Roman treasury.
  • Aerated Waters.
  • Aeroe, island, Denmark.
  • Aerolite.
  • Aeronautics.
  • Ærtszen, Pieter, Dutch painter.
  • Æs, metal, money.
  • Æschines, Athenian philosopher.
  • Æschines, Greek orator.
  • Æschylus, Greek tragedian.
  • Æsculapius, god of healing.
  • Æsir, gods of the Northmen.
  • Æsop, Greek fabulist.
  • Æsop, Greek historian.
  • Æsop, Clodius, Roman actor.
  • Æsthetics.
    • Metaphysical Problems.
    • Scientific Problems.
    • History of Systems.
  • Aetion, Greek painter.
  • Aetius, founder of Arian sect.
  • Aetius, Greek physician.
  • Aetius, Roman general.
  • Ætna (Etna, q.v.), volcano, Sicily.
  • Ætolia, province, Greece.
  • Afanasief, Aleksandr Nikolaevich, Russian writer.
  • Afer, Domitius, Roman orator.
  • Affidavit, in law.
  • Affinity.
  • Affinity, Chemical.
  • Affirmation, in place of oath.
  • Affre, Denis Auguste, archbishop of Paris.
  • Afghânistân.
  • Afghan Turkestan.
  • Afium-Kara-Hissar, town, Asiatic Turkey.
  • Afragola, town, Italy.
  • Afranius, Lucius, Latin poet.
  • Afranius, Lucius, Latin consul.
  • Africa.
  • Africanus, Julius, church historian.
  • Afzelius, Adam, Swedish naturalist.
  • Afzelius, Arwid August, Swedish historian.
  • Aga, Turkish title.
  • Agades, town, Central Africa.
  • Agamemnon, in Greek legend.
  • Agape, love feast.
  • Agapetus, Byzantine writer.
  • Agarde, Arthur, English antiquary.
  • Agasias, Greek sculptor.
  • Agassiz, Louis John Rudolph, naturalist.
  • Agate, stone.
  • Agatharchides, Greek grammarian.
  • Agatharchus, Greek painter.
  • Agathias, Greek historian and poet.
  • Agatho, Greek tragedian.
  • Agathocles, tyrant of Syracuse.
  • Agde, town, France.
  • Age.
  • Ageladas, Greek sculptor.
  • Agelnoth, archbishop of Canterbury.
  • Agen, town, France.
  • Agent, in diplomacy, commerce, and law.
  • Agesilaus, king of Sparta.
  • Aggregation, States of, in physics.
  • Aghrim, Ireland, Battle of (1691).
  • Agincourt, Battle of (1415).
  • Agio, in commerce.
  • Agis, kings of Sparta.
  • Agistment, Tithe of.
  • Agnano, lake, Italy.
  • Agnates, in Roman law.
  • Agnesi, Maria Gaetana, Italian mathematician.
  • Agnesi, Maria Teresa, Italian musician.
  • Agnoetæ, heretical sect.
  • Agnolo, Baccio d', Florentine sculptor.
  • Agnone, town, Italy.
  • Agnus Dei.
  • Agobard, archbishop of Lyons.
  • Agonalia, Roman festivals.
  • Agonic Lines, in magnetism.
  • Agonotheta, superintendent of Greek games.
  • Agora, Greek market place.
  • Agoranomoi, Greek magistrates.
  • Agordo, town, Italy.
  • Agosta, town, Sicily.
  • Agostini, Leonardo, Italian antiquary.
  • Agostino and Agnolo Da Siena, Italian architects.
  • Agostino, Paolo, Italian musician.
  • Agouti, genus of rodent mammals.
  • Agra, division and district, North-Western Provinces, India.
  • Agram, town, Austria.
  • Agrarian Laws, Roman.
  • Agreda, town, Spain.
  • Agricola, Cnæus Julius, Roman general.
  • Agricola, Christoph Ludwig, German painter.
  • Agricola, Georg, German mineralogist.
  • Agricola, Johann Friedrich, German musician.
  • Agricola, Johannes, German Reformer.
  • Agricola, Rodolphus, German scholar.
  • Agriculture.
    • Early Works, &c.
    • Recent British Agriculture.
    • Practice of British Agriculture.
    • Farm Buildings.
    • Fences.
    • Machines and Implements of Husbandry.
    • Preparation of the Land for Tillage Operations.
    • Tillage Operations.
    • Succession of Crops.
    • Manures.
    • Cultivated Crops—Grain Crops.
    • Cultivated Crops—Root Crops.
    • Cultivates Crops—Heritage and Forage Crops.
    • Cultivated Crops—Crops of Limited Cultivation.
    • Live Stock—Horses.
    • Live Stock—Cattle.
    • Live Stock—Sheep.
    • Live Stock—Goats, &c.
    • Improvement of Waste Lands.
    • General Observations.
    • Large and Small Farming.
    • contents.
  • Agrigentum, ancient town, Sicily.
  • Agrionia, Greek festival.
  • Agrippa, Herod, king of Judæa.
  • Agrippa, Herod, II., king of Chalcis.
  • Agrippa, Marcus Vipsanius, Roman general.
  • Agrippa, Henry Cornelius, German philosopher.
  • Agrippina, wife of Germanicus.
  • Agrippina, mother of Nero.
  • Agroteras Thusia, Greek festival.
  • Agtelek, village and cave, Hungary.
  • Agua, Volcano de, Central America.
  • Aguado, Alexander Maria, Jewish banker.
  • Aguas Calientes, town, Mexico.
  • Aguilar, Grace, English authoress.
  • Aguilar de la Frontera, town, Spain.
  • Aguillon, François d', mathematician.
  • Aguirra, Josef Saenz d', Spanish writer.
  • Agulhas, Cape, South Africa.
  • Ahab, king of Israel.
  • Ahala, Roman family.
  • Ahanta, territory, Gold Coast, Africa.
  • Ahasuerus, king of Persia.
  • Ahaz, king of Judah.
  • Ahaziah, king of Israel.
  • Ahaziah, king of Israel.
  • Ahenobarbus, Roman family.
  • Ahithophel, of Scripture.
  • Ahmadábád, district and town, British India.
  • Ahmadnagar, district and town, British India.
  • Ahmed Shah, Afghan ruler.
  • Ahriman, Zoroastrian principle of evil.
  • Ahwaz, town, Persia.
  • Ai, three-toed sloth.
  • Aidan, ancient Scottish king.
  • Aidan, St, bishop of Lindisfarne.
  • Aide-de-Camp, military officer.
  • Aidin, town, Asiatic Turkey.
  • Aids, feudal tribute.
  • Aikin, John, English writer.
  • Aikin, Lucy, English writer.
  • Aikman, William, Scottish portrait painter.
  • Ailred, English historian.
  • Ailsa Craig, rock, Firth of Clyde.
  • Ain, department, France.
  • Ainad, town, Arabia.
  • Ainmuller, Maximilian Emmanuel, German glass-painter.
  • Ainos, tribe, Japan.
  • Ainsworth, Henry, English divine.
  • Ainsworth, Robert, author of Latin Dictionary.
  • Aintab, town, Syria.
  • Air.
  • Air-Engine.
  • Air-Gun.
  • Air-Pump.
  • Air, country, Central Africa.
  • Airay, Henry, Puritan divine.
  • Airdrie, town, Scotland.
  • Aire, river, England.
  • Aire, town, Pas-de-Calais, France.
  • Aire, town, Landes, France.
  • Aisle, in architecture.
  • Aisne, department, France.
  • Aiton, Avilliam, British botanist.
  • Aitzema, Leon van, Dutch historian.
  • Aix, town, Bouches-du-Rhone, France.
  • Aix, town, Savoie, France.
  • Aix-la-Chapelle, town, Rhenish Prussia.
  • Ajaccio, town, Corsica.
  • Ajan, in Greek legend.
  • Ajax, in Greek legend.
  • Ajax Oileus, in Greek legend.
  • Ajeho, town, Manchuria.
  • Ajmír, district and town, India.
  • Ajuruoca, town, Brazil.
  • Akabah, Gulf of, Red Sea.
  • Akbar, the Great, emperor of Delhi.
  • Aken, town, Prussia.
  • Akenside, Mark, English poet.
  • Akerblad, Jan David, Swedish Orientalist.
  • Akerman, town, Russia.
  • Akerman, John Yonge, English numismatist.
  • Akhalzikh, town, Transcaucasia, Russia.
  • Akhissar, town, Asiatic Turkey.
  • Akhtyrka, town, Russia.
  • Akiba, Ben Joseph, rabbi.
  • Akolá, district and town, British India.
  • Akron, town, Ohio, U.S.A.
  • Ak-su, town, Chinese Turkestan.
  • Akyab, district and town, British Barmah.
  • Alabama, State, U.S.A.
  • Alabaster, mineral.
  • Alabaster, William, English writer.
  • Alacranes, islands, Gulf of Mexico.
  • Alagoas, province, Brazil.
  • Alain de Lille, theologian.
  • Alais, town, France.
  • Alajuela, town, Costa Rica.
  • Alamanni, Luigi, Italian poet.
  • Alamos, Los, town, Mexico.
  • Alamos de Barrientos, Balthazar, Spanish philologist.
  • Alan, William, cardinal.
  • Aland Islands, Gulf of Bothnia.
  • Alani, Eastern tribes.
  • Alarcon, Hernando de, Spanish navigator.
  • Alarcon y Mendoza, Juan Ruiz de, Spanish dramatist.
  • Alaric, king of the West Goths.
  • Alaric II., king of the Goths.
  • Alasco, John, Polish theologian.
  • Ala-Shehr, town, Asia Minor.
  • Alaska, Territory, U.S.A.
  • Alatri, town, Itay.
  • Alava, province, Spain.
  • Alava, Miguel Ricardo d', Spanish general.
  • Alay, Turkish ceremony.
  • Alb, ecclesiastical vestment.
  • Alba, town, Italy.
  • Alba Longa, ancient town, Italy.
  • Albacete, province, Spain.
  • Alban, St, British martyr.
  • Albani, Francesco, Italian painter.
  • Albania, province, Turkey in Europe.
  • Albania, ancient country, Asia.
  • Albano, town and lake, Italy.
  • Albany, town New York, U.S.A.
  • Albany, Louisa of Stolberg, countess of.
  • Albategni, Arabian astronomer.
  • Albatross, bird.
  • Albay, town, Philippines.
  • Alberoni, Giulio, cardinal and Spanish minister.
  • Albert, dukes of Austria.
  • Albert the Bear, margrave of Brandenberg.
  • Albert, first duke of Prussia.
  • Albert, cardinal, elector of Mainz.
  • Albert, prince consort, of England.
  • Albert Nyanza, lake, Africa.
  • Alberti, Leon Battista, Italian architect.
  • Albertrandy, John Christian, Polish historian.
  • Albertus Magnus, scholastic philosopher.
  • Albi, town, France.
  • Albigenses, religious sect.
  • Albino, person abnormally white.
  • Albinus, Bernard Siegfried, anatomist.
  • Albinus, Flaccus (Alcuin, q.v.), learned ecclesiastic.
  • Alboin, king of the Lombards.
  • Albornoz, Spanish cardinal.
  • Albrechtsberger, Johann Georg, musician.
  • Albuera, village, Spain.
  • Albufera de Valencia, lagoon, Spain.
  • Album.
  • Albumazar, Arabian astronomer.
  • Albumen.
  • Albuquerque, town, Spain.
  • Albuquerque, Alphonso d', Portuguese governor of India.
  • Alcæus, Greek poet.
  • Alcaics, in poetry.
  • Alcaide, Spanish officer.
  • Alcala de Guadaira, town, Spain.
  • Alcala de Henares, town, Spain.
  • Alcala la Real, town, Spain.
  • Alcalde, Spanish official.
  • Alcamenes, Greek sculptor.
  • Alcamo, town, Sicily.
  • Alcantara, town, Spain.
  • Alcantara, seaport, Brazil.
  • Alcantara, Knights of.
  • Alcaraz, town, Spain.
  • Alcavala, Spanish tax.
  • Alcazar de San Juan, town, Spain.
  • Alcazar Kebir, town, Morocco.
  • Alcester, town, England.
  • Alcestis, in Greek legend.
  • Alchemy.
    • Cosmogonies and Philosophies.
    • The Sacred Art.
    • Alchemy of the Middle Ages.
    • Paracelsus and his Influence.
  • Alciati, Andrea.
  • Alcibiades, Greek leader.
  • Alcinous, Greek philosopher.
  • Alcinous, of Greek mythology.
  • Alciphron, Greek letter-writer.
  • Alcira, town, Spain.
  • Alcman, Alexandrian critic.
  • Alcmene, mother of Hercules.
  • Alcock, John, English bishop.
  • Alcohol.
  • Alcoy, town, Spain.
  • Alcudia, Duke of, Spanish statesman.
  • Alcuin, early English ecclesiastic.
  • Alcyonius, Petrus, Italian classical scholar.
  • Aldan, river, Siberia.
  • Aldan Mountains, Siberia.
  • Aldborough, town, Suffolk, England.
  • Aldeburgh, town, England.
  • Aldegrever, Heinrich, German painter.
  • Alder, tree.
  • Alderman.
  • Alderney, Channel Islands, England.
  • Aldershott Camp, town and camp, England.
  • Aldhelm, St, early English writer.
  • Aldine Editions (Manutius, q.v.).
  • Aldini, Giovanni, Italian physicist.
  • Aldred, archbishop of York.
  • Aldrich, Dr Henry, English writer.
  • Aldrovandi, Ulisse, Italian naturalist.
  • Aldstone, town, England.
  • Ale.
  • Ale-Conner, assize officer.
  • Aleandro, Girolamo, cardinal.
  • Aleman, Louis, cardinal.
  • Alemanni, German tribe.
  • Alembic, for distillation.
  • Alemtejo, province, Portugal.
  • Alençon, town, France.
  • Alenio, Giulio, Jesuit missionary.
  • Aleppo, town, Syria.
  • Ales, Alexander, Scottish Reformer.
  • Alessandri, Alessandro, Italian jurisconsult.
  • Alessandria, province and town, Italy.
  • Alessi, Galeazzo, Italian architect.
  • Aleutian Islands.
  • Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia.
  • Alexander of Aphrodisias, Peripatetic philosopher.
  • Alexander of Hales, theologian and philosopher.
  • Alexander of Tralles, Byzantine physician.
  • Alexander Balas, king of Syria.
  • Alexander Jannæus, king of the Jews.
  • Alexander Severus (Severus, q.v.).
  • Alexander, popes.
  • Alexander I., king of Scotland.
  • Alexander II., of Scotland.
  • Alexander III., of Scotland.
  • Alexander I., czar of Russia.
  • Alexander Jaroslawitz Nevski, Saint.
  • Alexander, Archibald, American divine.
  • Alexander, Joseph Addison, American divine.
  • Alexander, Sir William, earl of Stirling, Scottish poet.
  • Alexandretta (See Scanderoon), town, Asia Minor.
  • Alexandria, town, Egypt.
  • Alexandria, town, Scotland.
  • Alexandria, town, Virginia, U.S.A.
  • Alexandrian Manuscript.
  • Alexandrian School.
  • Alexandrine Verse.
  • Alexis, Greek poet.
  • Alexius I., Comnenus, Byzantine emperor.
  • Alfani, Domenico, Italian painter.
  • Al-Farabi, Arabian philosopher.
  • Alfieri, Vittorio, Italian poet.
  • Alford, Henry, dean of Canterbury.
  • Alfred the Great, English king.
  • Algæ, order of plants.
  • Algardi, Alessandro, Italian author.
  • Algarotti, Francesco, Italian author.
  • Algarve, province, Portugal.
  • Algau, district, Bavaria.
  • Al-Gazali, Arabian philosopher.
  • Algebra.
    • History.
    • Notation and First Principles.
    • Fundamental Operations.
    • Involution and Evolution.
    • Surds.
    • Proportion and Progression.
    • Resolution of Equations involving one Unknown Quatity.
    • Resolution of Equations involving more than one Unknown Quantity.
    • Questions producing Simple Equations.
    • Solution of Quadratic Equations.
    • Equations in general.
    • Solution of Cubic Equations.
    • Solution of Biquadratic Equations.
    • Solution of Equations in which certain relations are known to exist amongst the Roots.
    • Solution of Equations by Approximation.
    • Indeterminate Problems.
    • Theorems of Expansion.
    • Continued Fractions.
    • Permutations, Combinations, and Probabilities.
    • On Series in General; their Summation and Convergence.
  • Algeciras, town, Spain.
  • Alger of Liége, French author.
  • Algeria, country, Africa.
  • Alghero, town, Sardinia.
  • Algiers, town, Algeria.
  • Algoa Bay, Cape Colony.
  • Alhama, town, Granada, Spain.
  • Alhama, town, Murcia, Spain.
  • Alhambra, palace, Granada, Spain.
  • Alhazen, Arabian mathematician.
  • Ali, caliph.
  • Ali Bey, sultan of Egypt.
  • Ali Pasha, ruler of Albania.
  • Alias, in law.
  • Alibi, in law.
  • Alicante, province and town, Spain.
  • Alicata, town, Sicily.
  • Alicudi (See Lipari Islands), Mediterranean.
  • Alien, in law.
  • Alígarh, district, British India.
  • Aliment, in Scots law.
  • Alimony, in English law.
  • Alison, Archibald, Scottish divine.
  • Alison, Sir Archibald, historian.
  • Alizarin, colouring matter.
  • Alkali, in chemistry.
  • Alkaloids, in chemistry.
  • Alkanet, plant.
  • Al-Kindi, Arabian philosopher.
  • Alkmaar, town, Netherlands.
  • Alkmaar, Heinrik von, German satirist.
  • All-Saints Day.
  • Allah, Arabian name of God.
  • Allahábád, division, district, and town, British India.
  • Allamand, Jean Nicolas Sebastian, natural philosopher.
  • Allan, David, Scottish painter.
  • Allan, Sir William, Scottish painter.
  • Alleghany Mountains, U.S.A.
  • Alleghany, river, U.S.A.
  • Allegheny, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  • Allegiance, in law.
  • Allegory.
  • Allegri, Antonio (Corregio, q.v.), painter.
  • Allegri, Gregorio, Italian musician.
  • Alleine, Joseph, English divine.
  • Alleine, Richard, English divine.
  • Allen, Bog of, Ireland.
  • Allen, John, political writer.
  • Allen, Thomas, English mathematician.
  • Allentown, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  • Allestry, Richard, English Royalist.
  • Alleyn, Edward, founder of Dulwich College, London.
  • Alliance.
  • Allier, department and river, France.
  • Alligator, reptile.
  • Alliteration.
  • Allix, Pierre, French divine.
  • Alloa, town, Scotland.
  • Allodium, in land tenure.
  • Allori, Alessandro, Italian painter.
  • Allori, Cristofano, Italian painter.
  • Allotropy, in chemistry.
  • Alloxan, in chemistry.
  • Alloy, in assaying.
  • Allston, Washington, American painter and poet.
  • Alluvium, land made up of sediment.
  • Alma, river, Russia.
  • Almaden, town, Spain.
  • Almagest, Ptolemy's astronomical work.
  • Almagro, town, Spain.
  • Almagro, Diego d', Spanish commander.
  • Almali, town, Asiatic Turkey.
  • Al-Mamun, caliph.
  • Almanac.
  • Almansa, town, Spain.
  • Alme, singing girls of Egypt.
  • Almeida, town, Portugal.
  • Almeida, Francisco de, viceroy of Portuguese India.
  • Almeria, province and town, Spain.
  • Almohades, Mohammedan dynasty.
  • Almon, John, political writer and publisher.
  • Almond, tree and fruit.
  • Almondbury, town, England.
  • Almoner, ecclesiastical office.
  • Almorá, town, India.
  • Almoravides, Mohammedan dynasty.
  • Almqvist, Karl Jonas Ludwig, Swedish writer.
  • Almug Tree, of Scripture.
  • Almunecar, town, Spain.
  • Alnwick, town, England.
  • Aloe, plant.
  • Aloidæ, in Greek legend.
  • Alompra, Burmese king.
  • Alost, town, Belgium.
  • Alpaca, wool-bearing animal.
  • Alp Arslan, Seljuk sultan.
  • Alpes, three departments (Basses, Hautes, Maritimes), France.
  • Alpha and Omega.
  • Alphabet.
  • Alpheus, father of the apostle James.
  • Alphonso, kings in the Spanish peninsula.
  • Alphonsus a Sancta Maria, Spanish historian.
  • Alpini, Prospero, Italian physician and botanist.
  • Alps.
  • Alpujarras, district, Spain.
  • Alredus, early English historian.
  • Alresford, New, town, England.
  • Alsace, province, Germany.
  • Alsen, island, Schleswig-Holstein.
  • Alsop, Vincent, Puritan divine.
  • Alsted, Johann Heinkich, German author.
  • Alston, Charles, Scottish botanist.
  • Alstroemer, Jonas, Swedish industrial reformer.
  • Alt, river, Transylvania.
  • Altai Mountains, Siberia.
  • Altamura, town, Italy.
  • Altar.
  • Altdorf, town, Switzerland.
  • Altdorfer, Albrecht, German painter.
  • Altenburg.
  • Alten Oetting, town, Bavaria.
  • Altenstein, castle, Saxe-Meiningen, Germany.
  • Altin, lake, Siberia.
  • Alting, Heinrich, German theologian.
  • Alting, Jacob, German theologian.
  • Alton, town, England.
  • Alton, town, Illinois, U.S.A.
  • Altona, town, Schleswig-Holstein.
  • Altoona, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  • Alto-Rilievo, in sculpture.
  • Altringham, town, England.
  • Alum, chemical salt.
  • Alumbagh, enclosure, Lucknow.
  • Aluminium, chemical element.
  • Aluta (Alt, q.v.), an affluent of the Danube.
  • Alva, village, Scotland.
  • Alva, Duke of, Spanish general.
  • Alvarado, Pedro de, Spanish discoverer.
  • Alvarez, Francisco, Portuguese traveller.
  • Alvarez, José, Spanish sculptor.
  • Alvarez, Manuel, Spanish sculptor.
  • Alwar, state, India.
  • Alypius, Greek writer on music.
  • Alypius of Antioch, geographer.
  • Alyth, town, Scotland.
  • Amadeus V., of Savoy.
  • Amadeus VIII., duke of Savoy.
  • Amadis of Gaul, Spanish romance.
  • Amadou, fungus.
  • Amager, island, Denmark.
  • Amalasontha, daughter of Theodoric.
  • Amalekites, of Scripture.
  • Amalfi, town, Italy.
  • Amalgam, mercurial alloy.
  • Amalia, Anna, duchess of Saxe-Weimar.
  • Amalric, king of Jerusalem.
  • Amalteo, Italian family.
  • Amalteo, Pomponio, Venetian painter.
  • Amara Sinha, Sanskrit writer.
  • Amaranth.
  • Amarapura, town, Burma.
  • Amasia, town, Turkey in Asia.
  • Amasis, king of Egypt.
  • Amat, Felix, Spanish historian.
  • Amati, family of violin makers.
  • Amatitlan, lake and town, Guatemala.
  • Amaurosis, disease of the eye.
  • Amaxichi, town, Ionian Islands.
  • Amazon, river, South America.
  • Amazons, female warriors.
  • Ambálá, division, district, and town, British India.
  • Ambarvalia, Roman festival.
  • Ambassador.
  • Ambato, town, Ecuador.
  • Amber.
  • Amberg, town, Bavaria.
  • Ambergris, concretion in sperm whale.
  • Ambert, town, France.
  • Ambleside, town, England.
  • Ambleteuse, town, France.
  • Ambo, reading desk.
  • Amboise, town, France.
  • Amboyna, island and town, Moluccas.
  • Ambracia, ancient town, Epirus.
  • Ambrose of Alexandria.
  • Ambrose, St, bishop of Milan.
  • Ambrose, Isaac, Puritan divine.
  • Ambrosius, Aurelianus, leader of the Britons.
  • Ambulance.
  • Amelot de la Houssaye, Abraham N., French writer.
  • Amelotte, Denis, French writer.
  • Amentiferæ, division of plants.
  • America.
  • American Literature.
    • Introductory.
    • Conditions and Characteristics of American Literature.
    • Earlier American Literature.
    • The Literature of the Nineteenth Century.
    • Summary.
  • Amerigo Vespucci (See Vespucci).
  • Amersfoort, town, Holland.
  • Amersham, town, England.
  • Ames, Fisher, American statesman and author.
  • Ames, Joseph, English writer.
  • Ames, William, Puritan divine and moralist.
  • Amesbury, town, England.
  • Amethyst, precious stone.
  • Amherst, district and town, British Burmah.
  • Amherst, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
  • Amherst, Earl.
  • Amhurst, Nicholas, English writer.
  • Amianthus, mineral.
  • Amici, Giovanni Battista, Italian optician.
  • Amiens, town, France.
  • Amiot, Joseph, Jesuit missionary.
  • Amlwch, town, Wales.
  • Amman, Johann Conrad, Swiss physician.
  • Amman, Jost, Swiss wood-engraver.
  • Amman, Paul, German physician and botanist.
  • Ammanati, Bartolomeo, Florentine architect.
  • Ammianus, Marcellinus, Roman historian.
  • Ammirato, Scipio, Italian historian.
  • Ammon, Egyptian divinity.
  • Ammon, Christoph Friedrich von, German theologian.
  • Ammonia, in chemistry.
  • Ammoniac, Sal, chemical salt.
  • Ammoniacum, resinous exudation.
  • Ammonites, of Scripture.
  • Ammonius Lithotomus, surgeon of Alexandria.
  • Ammonius Saccas, founder of Alexandrian school of Neoplatonism.
  • Ammunition.
  • Amnesty.
  • Amol, town, Persia.
  • Amontons, Guillaume, French physicist.
  • Amoor, Amour, or Amur, river, Eastern Asia.
  • Amorites, of Scripture.
  • Amorphism, in chemistry and mineralogy.
  • Amoy, town, China.
  • Ampère, André-Marie, French scientist.
  • Ampère, Jean-Jacques-Antoine, French writer.
  • Amphiaraus, in Greek mythology.
  • Amphibia, class of vertibrate animals.
  • Amphictyony, Greek religious confederation.
  • Amphion, in Greek mythology.
  • Amphioxus, genus of fishes.
  • Amphipolis, town, Macedonia.
  • Amphisbæna, genus of lizards.
  • Amphitheatre.
  • Amphitrite, in Greek legend.
  • Amphora, ancient vessel.
  • Amplitude, in astronomy.
  • Ampthill, town, England.
  • Ampulla, ancient vessel.
  • Amráotí, district and town, India.
  • Amritsar, district and town, India.
  • Amru-Ibn-El-Ass, Moslem conqueror of Egypt.
  • Amru-El-Kais, Arabian poet.
  • Amsancti Vallis, Italy.
  • Amsdorf, Nicolaus, Reformer.
  • Amsler, Samuel, engraver.
  • Amsterdam, capital of Holland.
  • Amsterdam, island, Indian Ocean.
  • Amulet, charm.
  • Amurath I., Turkish sultan.
  • Amurath II., sultan.
  • Amurath III., sultan.
  • Amurath IV., sultan.
  • Amwell, village, England.
  • Amymone, in Greek legend.
  • Amyot, Jacques, French bishop and writer.
  • Amyraut, Moses, French theologian.
  • Ana.
  • Anabaptists, religious sect.
  • Anabasis, Xenophon's work.
  • Anacharsis, Scythian philosopher.
  • Anachronism.
  • Anacoluthon, grammatical incongruity.
  • Anaconda, snake.
  • Anacreon, Greek poet.
  • Anadyomene, epithet of Aphrodite.
  • Anadyr, gulf and river, Siberia.
  • Anæsthesia, in medicine.
  • Anagni, town, Italy.
  • Anagram, transposition of letters.
  • Anahuac, plateau, Mexico.
  • Analogy, logical process.
  • Analogy, in comparative anatomy.
  • Analysis.
  • Analytic Judgments.
  • Anam, kingdom, Cochin China.
  • Anastasius I., emperor of Constantinople.
  • Anastasius II., emperor of Constantinople.
  • Anathema.
  • Anatolia, division, Asiatic Turkey.
  • Anatomy.
    • History of Anatomy.
    • Special Anatomy of the Human Body.
    • Anatomy of the Organs of Locomotion.
    • Anatomy of the Textures or Tissues.
    • Nervous System.
    • Vascular System.
    • contents.
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