Alprazolam

Alprazolam, better known by its trade name Xanax, is a short-acting drug. The drug is used to treat people with anxiety disorders and panic attacks.

Alprazolam
Clinical data
PronunciationAlprazolam /ælˈpræzəlæm/ or /ælˈpreɪzəlæm/, Xanax /ˈzænæks/
Trade namesXanax, Xanor, Niravam, others
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa684001
Pregnancy
category
    Dependence
    liability    		High
    Routes of
    administration    		By mouth
    ATC code
    Legal status
    Legal status
    • AU: S8 (Controlled drug)
    • CA: Schedule IV
    • DE: Prescription only (Anlage III for higher doses)
    • UK: Class C
    • US: Schedule IV
    • UN: Psychotropic Schedule IV
    • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
    Pharmacokinetic data
    Bioavailability80–90%
    Protein binding80%
    MetabolismLiver, via cytochrome P450 3A4
    Metabolitesalpha-hydroxyalprazolam, 4-hydroxyalprazolam, beta-hydroxyalprazolam
    Onset of actionless than an hour[1]
    Elimination half-lifeImmediate release: 4–6 hours
    Extended release: 11–16 hours
    Duration of action6 hours[1]
    ExcretionKidney
    Identifiers
    IUPAC name
    • 8-Chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a] [1,4]benzodiazepine
    CAS Number
    PubChem CID
    IUPHAR/BPS
    DrugBank
    ChemSpider
    UNII
    KEGG
    ChEBI
    ChEMBL
    ECHA InfoCard100.044.849
    Chemical and physical data
    FormulaC17H13ClN4
    Molar mass308.77 g·mol−1
    3D model (JSmol)
    SMILES
    • ClC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N3C(C)=NN=C3CN=C2C4=CC=CC=C4
    InChI
    • InChI=1S/C17H13ClN4/c1-11-20-21-16-10-19-17(12-5-3-2-4-6-12)14-9-13(18)7-8-15(14)22(11)16/h2-9H,10H2,1H3 checkY
    • Key:VREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
      (verify)

    Alprazolam is the most commonly misused benzodiazepine (the drug's class) in the United States; but the majority of prescribed users do not develop a substance-use disorder. Alprazolam is a prescription drug in the United States.


    References
    1. Lilley, Linda Lane; Snyder, Julie S.; Collins, Shelly Rainforth (2016). Pharmacology for Canadian Health Care Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 329. ISBN 9781771720663.
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