Slovak Republic (1939–1945)
The (First) Slovak Republic (Slovak: [Prvá] Slovenská republika), also known as the Slovak State (Slovenský štát), was a partially-recognized state of Nazi Germany which existed between 14 March 1939 and 4 April 1945.
Slovak Republic Slovenská republika | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1939–1945 | |||||||||
| Motto: Verní sebe, svorne napred! "Faithful to Ourselves, Together Ahead!" | |||||||||
| Anthem: Hej, Slováci English: "Hey, Slovaks" | |||||||||
.svg.png.webp) The Slovak Republic in 1942 | |||||||||
| Status | Client state of Germany[lower-alpha 1] | ||||||||
| Capital | Bratislava | ||||||||
| Common languages | Slovak, Hungarian | ||||||||
| Religion | Christianity[4] | ||||||||
| Government | Clerical fascist one-party republic under a totalitarian dictatorship | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1939–1945 | Jozef Tiso | ||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||
• 1939 | Jozef Tiso | ||||||||
• 1939–1944 | Vojtech Tuka | ||||||||
• 1944–1945 | Štefan Tiso | ||||||||
| Historical era | World War II | ||||||||
• Independence | 14 March 1939 | ||||||||
• War with Hungary | 23 March 1939 | ||||||||
• Constitution adopted | 21 July 1939 | ||||||||
• Invasion of Poland | 1 September 1939 | ||||||||
| 22 June 1941 | |||||||||
• National Uprising | 29 August 1944 | ||||||||
• Fall of Bratislava | 4 April 1945 | ||||||||
| Currency | Slovak koruna | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Slovakia Poland | ||||||||
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Notes
- Views differ on Slovakia's relation to Germany. István Deák writes, "Despite the claims of some historians, [Slovakia] functioned not as a puppet state but as Nazi Germany’s first but not last Slavic-speaking military ally".[1] Tatjana Tönsmeyer, who maintains that the puppet-state narrative overstates German influence and understates Slovakia's autonomy, notes that Slovak authorities frequently avoided implementing measures pushed by the Germans when such measures did not suit Slovak priorities. According to German historian Barbara Hutzelmann, "Although the country was not independent, in the full sense of the word, it would be too simplistic to see this German-protected state (Schutzstaat) simply as a 'puppet regime'."[2] Ivan Kamenec, however, emphasizes German influence on Slovak internal and external politics and describes it as a "German satellite".[3]
References
- Deák 2015, pp. 35–36.
- Hutzelmann 2016, p. 168.
- Kamenec 2011a, pp. 180–182.
- Doe, Norman (4 August 2011). Law and Religion in Europe: A Comparative Introduction. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-960401-2 – via Google Books.
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