Scoliosis

Scoliosis is a medical condition in which the human or animal spine has a sideways curve. The curve is usually S-shaped or C-shaped.[7] In some, the curve is stable. In others, though, it increases over time.[8] Mild scoliosis does not often cause problems. Severe cases, however, can interfere with breathing and can cause pain.

Scoliosis
Pronunciation	/ˌskoʊliˈoʊsɪs/[1]
Medical specialty	Orthopedic surgery
Symptoms	Sideways curve in the back[2]
Usual onset	10–20 years old[2]
Causes	Usually unknown[3]
Risk factors	Family history, cerebral palsy, Marfan syndrome, tumors such as neurofibromatosis[2]
Diagnostic method	X-ray[2]
Treatment	Watchful waiting, bracing, exercises, surgery[2][4]
Frequency	3%[5][6]

The cause of most cases is unknown. However, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include having affected family members.

Diagnosis is often confirmed with x-rays.

Scoliosis usually occurs between ages 10 and 20. Males can be affected, although females are more often affected.