Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder that can affect multiple organs. The lungs are affected most often (in 9 out of 10 cases in the UK). It is a noncaseating restrictive lung diseasee.

Sarcoidosis
Other namesSarcoïdosis, sarcoid, Besnier–Boeck–Schaumann disease[1]
Chest X-ray showing the typical nodularity of sarcoidosis, predominantly in the hila of the lungs.
Pronunciation
  • sar-koy-DOH-sis
Medical specialtyRheumatology, Immunology
Symptoms
  • Depends on the organ involved[2]
  • Lungs: wheezing, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain[3]
  • Skin: lumps, ulcers, discolored skin[3]
  • Children: weight loss, bone pain, feeling tired[3]
Usual onset20–50 years old
More common in women[4]
DurationFew years to long term[2][5]
CausesUnknown[2]
Risk factorsFamily history[4]
Diagnostic methodBased on symptoms and tissue biopsy[6]
Differential diagnosisTuberculosis, lymphoma, infectious mononucleosis, pulmonary eosinophilia[7]
TreatmentIbuprofen, prednisone, methotrexate[8][9]
PrognosisMortality 1–7%[5]
Frequency1.9 million with interstitial lung disease (2015)[10]
Deaths122,000 with interstitial lung disease (2015)[11]

The cause is not known. Corticosteroids such as prednisone are often used to treat sarcoidosis. In some cases, methotrexate may be also used. Antimalarial drugs have also been used.[12]

Sarcoidosis may involve the brain. If it does, it is called neurosarcoidosis. In some cases, pulmonary fibrosis is a complication of sarcoidosis.

References
  1. Konstantinidis G (2005). Elsevier's Dictionary of Medicine and Biology: in English, Greek, German, Italian and Latin. Elsevier. p. 1454. ISBN 978-0-08-046012-3.
  7. Ferri FF (2010). Ferri's differential diagnosis: a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Mosby. p. Chapter S. ISBN 978-0-323-07699-9.
  12. "Sarcoidosis - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic.


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.