Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)

The Kingdom of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyar Királyság), sometimes known as the Regency or the Horthy era, existed as a country from 1920 to 1946 under the rule of Regent Miklós Horthy.

Kingdom of Hungary
Magyar Királyság  (Hungarian)
1920–1946
Flag of Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)
Flag
Coat of arms of Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)
Coat of arms
Motto: Regnum Mariae Patrona Hungariae (Latin)
("Kingdom of Mary, the Patron of Hungary")
Anthem: Himnusz
(English: "Hymn")
The Kingdom of Hungary in 1942
The Kingdom of Hungary in 1942
Capital
and largest city
Budapest
Official languagesHungarian
Recognized regional languagesRusyn[1][2] (in Subcarpathia)
SpokenRomanian • German • Slovak • Croatian • Serbian • Yiddish • Slovenian • Romani[3]
Ethnic groups
(1941)[3]
List
  • Hungarians (80.9%)
  • Romanians (7.2%)
  • Rusyns (3.7%)
  • Germans (3.6%)
  • Slovaks (1.2%)
  • Serbs (1.1%)
  • Jews (1%)
  • Croats (0.5%)
  • Roma (0.5%)
  • Slovenes (0.1%)
  • Others (0.2%)
Religion
(1941)[3]
List
Demonym(s)Hungarian
GovernmentAuthoritarian regency
(1920–1944)
Hungarist totalitarian one-party dictatorship
(1944–1945)
Transitional coalition government
(1945–1946)
King 
• 1920–1946
Vacant [note 1]
Head of state 
• 1920–1944
Miklós Horthy[note 2]
• 1944–1945
Ferenc Szálasi[note 3]
• 1945–1946
High National Council[note 4]
Prime minister 
• 1920 (first)
Károly Huszár
• 1945–1946 (last)
Zoltán Tildy
LegislatureDiet
• Upper
Felsőház
• Representatives
Képviselőház
Historical eraInterwar · World War II
• Monarchy restored
29 February 1920
4 June 1920
• 1st Vienna Award
2 November 1938
• 2nd Vienna Award
30 August 1940
• Hungarist takeover
16 October 1944
• Monarchy abolished
1 February 1946
Area
1920[4]92,833 km2 (35,843 sq mi)
1930[5]93,073 km2 (35,936 sq mi)
1941[6]172,149 km2 (66,467 sq mi)
Population
• 1920[7]
7,980,143
• 1930[8]
8,688,319
• 1941[9]
14,669,100
CurrencyHungarian korona
(1920–1927)
Hungarian pengő
(1927–1946)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+2 (CEST)
[note 5]
Driving sideright (from 1941)
Preceded by		Succeeded by
1920:
Hungarian Republic
1938:
Czechoslovakia
1939:
Carpatho-Ukraine
Slovakia
1940:
Romania
1941:
Yugoslavia
1945:
Czechoslovakia
Romania
Yugoslavia
Soviet Union
1946:
Second Hungarian Republic
  1. Claimed by former King Charles IV of Hungary in 1921, who died the following year.
  2. Miklós Horthy used the title "Regent".
  3. Ferenc Szálasi used the title "Nation Leader".
  4. Ruled as a collective head of state.
  5. Observed in 1920 and 1941–1946.

References
  1. "A m. kir. minisztérium 1939. évi 6.200. M. E. számú rendelete, a Magyar Szent Koronához visszatért kárpátaljai terület közigazgatásának ideiglenes rendezéséről" [Order No. 6.200/1939. M. E. of the Royal Hungarian Ministry on the provisional administration of the Subcarpathian territory returned to the Hungarian Holy Crown]. Magyarországi Rendeletek Tára (in Hungarian). 73. Budapest: Royal Hungarian Ministry of the Interior: 855. 1939.
  2. Fedinec, Csilla (2002). "A Kárpátaljai Kormányzóság idõszaka" [The period of the Governorate of Subcarpathia]. A kárpátaljai magyarság történeti kronológiája, 1918-1944 [Historical chronology of the Hungarians in Subcarpathia, 1918-1944] (PDF) (in Hungarian). Galánta - Dunaszerdahely: Fórum Intézet - Lilium Aurum Könyvkiadó. p. 336. ISBN 80-8062-117-9.
  3. Fogarasi, Zoltán (1944). "A népesség anyanyelvi, nemzetiségi és vallási megoszlása törvényhatóságonkint 1941-ben" [Distribution of the population by mother tongue, ethnicity and religion in the municipalities of Hungary in 1941.]. Magyar Statisztikai Szemle (in Hungarian). 22 (1–3). Budapest: Royal Hungarian Central Statistical Office: 4, 13.
  4. Kollega Tarsoly, István, ed. (1995). "Magyarország". Révai nagy lexikona (in Hungarian). Vol. 20. Budapest: Hasonmás Kiadó. pp. 595–597. ISBN 963-8318-70-8.
  5. Kollega Tarsoly, István, ed. (1996). "Magyarország". Révai nagy lexikona (in Hungarian). Vol. 21. Budapest: Hasonmás Kiadó. p. 572. ISBN 963-9015-02-4.
  6. Élesztős László; et al., eds. (2004). "Magyarország". Révai új lexikona (in Hungarian). Vol. 13. Budapest: Hasonmás Kiadó. pp. 882, 895. ISBN 963-9556-13-0.
  7. Kollega Tarsoly, István, ed. (1995). "Magyarország". Révai nagy lexikona (in Hungarian). Vol. 20. Budapest: Hasonmás Kiadó. pp. 595–597. ISBN 963-8318-70-8.
  8. Kollega Tarsoly, István, ed. (1996). "Magyarország". Révai nagy lexikona (in Hungarian). Vol. 21. Budapest: Hasonmás Kiadó. p. 572. ISBN 963-9015-02-4.
  9. Élesztős László; et al., eds. (2004). "Magyarország". Révai új lexikona (in Hungarian). Vol. 13. Budapest: Hasonmás Kiadó. pp. 882, 895. ISBN 963-9556-13-0.
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