Gini coefficient
The Gini coefficient (also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio) is a measure of differences in income. It was developed by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini in 1912.
The Gini coefficient by countries (1989-2009)
Definition
The Gini coefficient is usually a number between 0 and 1 (or 0 to 100). 0 means a country where the income is equally distributed. On the other hand, 1 means that one person owns everything but the rest owns nothing. In reality, all scores are between 0.25 and 0.6 (between 25 and 60 on the 0 to 100 scale).
Statistics
The table below is about the world Gini coefficient (not by single countries).
| Year | World Gini index[1][2][3] |
|---|---|
| 1820 | 0.43 |
| 1850 | 0.53 |
| 1870 | 0.56 |
| 1913 | 0.61 |
| 1929 | 0.62 |
| 1950 | 0.64 |
| 1960 | 0.64 |
| 1980 | 0.66 |
| 2002 | 0.71 |
| 2005 | 0.68 |
The table below shows the income Gini coefficient of the United States from 1947 to 2009.
| Year | pre-tax Gini |
|---|---|
| 1947 | 0.413 |
| 1967 | 0.397 |
| 1968 | 0.386 |
| 1970 | 0.394 |
| 1980 | 0.403 |
| 1990 | 0.428 |
| 2000 | 0.462 |
| 2005 | 0.469 |
| 2006 | 0.470 |
| 2007 | 0.463 |
| 2008 | 0.467 |
| 2009 | 0.468 |
References
- Isabel Ortiz and Matthew Cummins (2011). "Global inequality: beyond the bottom billion" (PDF). UNICEF. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-08-12. Retrieved 2012-09-14.
- Evan Hillebrand (2009). "Poverty, growth, and inequality over the next 50 years" (PDF). FAO, United Nations - Economic and Social Development Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-20. Retrieved 2012-09-14.
- Albert Berry and John Serieux (2006). "Riding the elephants: the evolution of world economic growth and income distribution at the end of the twentieth century (1980-2000)" (PDF). United Nations (DESA Working Paper #27).
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