Geotechnical engineering
Geotechnical engineering is an important subset of civil engineering dealing with engineering performance of earth materials. Geotechnical engineering uses principles of soil and rock mechanics to determine:

A drilling machine for foundation piles.
- subsurface conditions and materials;
- relevant physical/mechanical and chemical properties of these materials;
- stability of natural slopes and man-made soil deposits;
- risks posed by site conditions;
to design:
- earthworks;
- structure foundations;
and to monitor:
- site conditions;
- earthwork and foundation construction.[1][2]
Foundations built for above-ground structures include shallow and deep foundations. Retaining structures include earth-filled dams and retaining walls.

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