Bose-Einstein statistics

In statistical mechanics, Bose-Einstein statistics means the statistics of a system where you can not tell the difference between any of the particles, and the particles are bosons. Bosons are fundamental particles like the photon.[1]

The Bose-Einstein distribution tells you how many particles have a certain energy. The formula is

n(\varepsilon )={\frac {1}{e^{(\varepsilon -\mu )/kT}-1}}

with $\varepsilon >\mu$ and where:

n(ε) is the number of particles which have energy ε

ε is the energy

k is Boltzmann's constant

If $\varepsilon -\mu \gg kT$ , then the Maxwell–Boltzmann statistics is a good approximation.

References

Griffiths, David J. (2005). Introduction to quantum mechanics (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, Prentice Hall. ISBN 0131911759.

Bosons have integer (whole number) spin and the Pauli exclusion principle is not true for them.

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