Abdülaziz

Full name
	Sultan Abdulaziz Khan bin Mahmud[2]

Abdulaziz
Abdulaziz
Ottoman Caliph; Amir al-Mu'minin; Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques; Khan
	Photo by Abdullah Frères
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (Padishah)
Reign	25 June 1861 – 30 May 1876
Predecessor	Abdulmejid I
Successor	Murad V
Grand viziers	See list Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha; Mehmed Fuad Pasha; Yusuf Kamil Pasha; Mehmed Rushdi Pasha; Mahmud Nedim Pasha; Midhat Pasha; Ahmed Esad Pasha; Şirvanlı Mehmed Rüşdi Pasha; Hüseyin Avni Pasha;
Born	8 February 1830; Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
Died	4 June 1876 (aged 46)[1]; Feriye Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
Burial	Tomb of Sultan Mahmud II, Fatih, Istanbul
Consorts	Dürrinev Kadın; Edadil Kadın; Hayranidil Kadın; Neşerek Kadın; Gevheri Kadın; Yıldız Hanim;
Issue; Among others	Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin; Saliha Sultan; Şehzade Mahmud Celaleddin; Nazime Sultan; Abdulmejid II; Şehzade Mehmed Şevket; Esma Sultan; Emine Sultan; Şehzade Mehmed Seyfeddin;
Full name
Full name
	Sultan Abdulaziz Khan bin Mahmud[2]
Dynasty	Ottoman
Father	Mahmud II
Mother	Pertevniyal Sultan
Religion	Sunni Islam
Tughra

Abdulaziz (Ottoman Turkish: عبد العزيز) (8 February 1830 – 4 June 1876) was the 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and was 111st Caliph of Islam. He ascended the throne when he was 31 years old, reigned between 25 June 1861 and 30 May 1876. He was the son of Sultan Mahmud II and became sultan after the death of his brother Abdülmecid I.[3] He was deposed in 1876, having become unpopular, and was found dead six days later.

His Reign

Abdulaziz was fond of wrestling, hunting and arm wrestling. He expanded and modernized the Ottoman navy, making it the third largest in the world. This resulted in large debts to European countries. He also bought modern weapons for the Ottoman Army and expanded it.

Sultan Abdulaziz frequently organized trips to inland and abroad. He was the first Sultan who visited Egypt after Yavuz Sultan Selim who had conquered Egypt in 1517.

As well as principalities Abdulaziz was the first Sultan who visited Europe. And often contacted with other countries' leaders.

In the peroid of Abdulaziz the Ottomans pay attention to get along with West. Ottoman's westernization politics that began with the Edict Of Gülhane of the Tanzimat was continued.

New provinces were created country-wide and the Istanbul University's system re-edited by copying France's education system. Sirkeci Train Station began to be built in the Abdülaziz era.

Here are some modernization introductions enacted by him.

New soldier uniforms were prepared
Post stamps were used for the first time
Lighthouses were built along the coasts.
Ottoman Bank was opened.
High schools and industry schools were opened.
Forest, mine, and medicine schools were opened
Rulers of France, Austria, and Iran visited Istanbul.

Lover of Polish Arabian Horses

In 1864 the westernizing Ottoman sultan Abdülaziz imported 90 mares and two stallions from Count Branicki"s studs in Bialocerkiew/Poland.

Descendants of Abdulaziz

Only male descendants of Abdulaziz are considered representatives of the former Ottoman throne.

Name	Position	Relation
Abdülmecid II	last Ottoman Caliph (1922–1924) 37th Post-Imperial of the House of Osman (1922–1944)	son
Şehzade Mehmed Cemaleddin	Post-Imperial Head of the House of Osman (1944-1946)	grandson
Şehzade Ömer Faruk Osmanoğlu	Post-Imperial Head of the House of Osman (1946-1969)	grandson
Şehzade Mehmed Abdülaziz II	Post-Imperial Head of the House of Osman (1969–1977)	grandson
Şehzade Süleyman Saadeddin	Post-Imperial Head of the House of Osman (1977-1985)	great-grandson
Şehzade Orhan Saadeddin	Post-Imperial Head of the House of Osman since 1985	great-great-grandson

References

Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abdülaziz". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp. 21. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
Garo Kürkman, (1996), Ottoman Silver Marks, p. 46
Chambers Biographical Dictionary, ISBN 0-550-18022-2, page 2

Other websites

Works written by or about Abd-ul-Aziz at Wikisource Media related to Abdül Aziz I at Wikimedia Commons

Regnal titles
Abdülaziz House of Osman Born: 9 February 1830 Died: 4 June 1876
Preceded by Abdülmecid I	Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 25 Jun 1861 – 30 May 1876	Succeeded by Murad V
Sunni Islam titles
Preceded by Abdülmecid I	Caliph of Islam 25 Jun 1861 – 30 May 1876	Succeeded by Murad V

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[EB-1] Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abdülaziz". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp. 21. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.

[2] Garo Kürkman, (1996), Ottoman Silver Marks, p. 46

[3] Chambers Biographical Dictionary, ISBN 0-550-18022-2, page 2