1830 United States census

June 1, 1830 (1830-06-01)

Seal of the United States Marshals Service, which administered the census
General information
CountryUnited States
AuthorityOffice of the United States Marshal
Results
Total population12,866,020 (Increase 33.5%)
Most populous stateNew York
1,918,608
Least populous stateDelaware
76,748

The 1830 United States census, the fifth census undertaken in the United States, was conducted on June 1, 1830. The only loss of census records for 1830 involved some countywide losses in Massachusetts, Maryland, and Mississippi.

It determined the population of the 24 states to be 12,866,020, of which 2,009,043 were slaves. The center of population was about 170 miles (274 km) west of Washington, D.C. in present-day Grant County, West Virginia.

This was the first census in which a cityNew Yorkrecorded a population of over 200,000.

Census questions

The 1830 census asked these questions:[1]

  • Name of head of family
  • Address
  • Number of free white males and females
    • in five-year age groups to age 20
    • in 10-year age groups from 20 to 100
    • 100 years and older
  • number of slaves and free colored persons in six age groups
  • number of deaf and dumb
    • under 14 years old
    • 14 to 24 years old
    • 25 years and older
  • number of blind
  • foreigners not naturalized

Data availability

No microdata from the 1830 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas, together with compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System.

State rankings

RankStatePopulation
01New York1,918,608
02Pennsylvania1,348,233
03Virginia [2]1,220,978
04Ohio937,903
05North Carolina737,987
06Kentucky687,917
07Tennessee681,904
08Massachusetts610,408
09South Carolina581,185
10Georgia516,823
11Maryland447,040
12Maine399,455
13Indiana343,031
14New Jersey320,823
15Alabama309,527
16Connecticut297,675
17Vermont280,652
18New Hampshire269,328
19Louisiana215,739
XWest Virginia [3]176,924
20Illinois157,445
21Missouri140,455
22Mississippi136,621
23Rhode Island97,199
24Delaware76,748
XFlorida34,730
XArkansas30,388
XDistrict of Columbia [4]30,261
XMichigan28,004
XWisconsin3,635

Apportionment Populations[5]

In the U.S. Constitution, Article 1, Section 2, Clause 3 states:

Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.[6]

In order to correctly apportion Representatives pursuant to this Census, it was necessary for the Census to compute not only the total population of each state, but the number of free persons and slaves, and then to compute the apportionment population, or Federal number, for each state (and territory) by adding three-fifths of the slave population to the free population. (This was computed by county, so the totals for each state may be off by as many as 1.2 persons due to rounding.)

StateTotalFreeSlaveFederal
Maine3994373994316399434
New Hampshire2693282693235269326
Massachusetts6104086104044610406
Rhode Island97199971851497193
Connecticut29767529765025297665
Vermont280657280657280657
New York19186081918532761918577
New Jersey3208233185692254319922
Pennsylvania134823313478304031348072
Delaware7674873456329275431
Maryland447040344046102994405842
Virginia12114057416484697571023502
North Carolina737987492386245601639747
South Carolina581185265784315401455025
Georgia516823299292217531429810
Kentucky687917522704165213621832
Tennessee681903540300141603625263
Ohio9358849358786935882
Louisiana215739106151109588171904
Indiana3430313430283343030
Mississippi1366217096265659110358
Illinois157445156698747157147
Alabama309527191978117549262508
Missouri14045511536425091130419
Territory of Michigan31639316073231625
Territory of Arkansas3038825812457628557
Territory of Florida34730192291550128529
District of Columbia3983433715611937389

City rankings

RankCityStatePopulation[7]Region (2016)[8]
01New YorkNew York202,589Northeast
02BaltimoreMaryland80,620South
03PhiladelphiaPennsylvania80,462Northeast
04BostonMassachusetts61,392Northeast
05New OrleansLouisiana46,082South
06CharlestonSouth Carolina30,289South
07Northern LibertiesPennsylvania28,872Northeast
08CincinnatiOhio24,831Midwest
09AlbanyNew York24,209Northeast
10SouthwarkPennsylvania20,581Northeast
11WashingtonDistrict of Columbia18,826South
12ProvidenceRhode Island16,833Northeast
13RichmondVirginia16,060South
14SalemMassachusetts13,895Northeast
15KensingtonPennsylvania13,394Northeast
16PortlandMaine12,598Northeast
17PittsburghPennsylvania12,568Northeast
18BrooklynNew York12,406Northeast
19TroyNew York11,556Northeast
20Spring GardenPennsylvania11,140Northeast
21NewarkNew Jersey10,953Northeast
22LouisvilleKentucky10,341South
23New HavenConnecticut10,180Northeast
24NorfolkVirginia9,814South
25RochesterNew York9,207Northeast
26CharlestownMassachusetts8,783Northeast
27BuffaloNew York8,668Northeast
28GeorgetownDistrict of Columbia8,441South
29UticaNew York8,323Northeast
30PetersburgVirginia8,322South
31AlexandriaDistrict of Columbia8,241South
32PortsmouthNew Hampshire8,026Northeast
33NewportRhode Island8,010Northeast
34LancasterPennsylvania7,704Northeast
35New BedfordMassachusetts7,592Northeast
36GloucesterMassachusetts7,510Northeast
37SavannahGeorgia7,303South
38NantucketMassachusetts7,202Northeast
39HartfordConnecticut7,074Northeast
40SmithfieldRhode Island6,857Northeast
41MoyamensingPennsylvania6,822Northeast
42SpringfieldMassachusetts6,784Northeast
43AugustaGeorgia6,710South
44WilmingtonDelaware6,628South
45LowellMassachusetts6,474Northeast
46NewburyportMassachusetts6,375Northeast
47LynnMassachusetts6,138Northeast
48CambridgeMassachusetts6,072Northeast
49TauntonMassachusetts6,042Northeast
50LexingtonKentucky6,026South
51ReadingPennsylvania5,856Northeast
52NashvilleTennessee5,566South
53WarwickRhode Island5,529Northeast
54DoverNew Hampshire5,449Northeast
55HudsonNew York5,392Northeast
56RoxburyMassachusetts5,247Northeast
57MarbleheadMassachusetts5,149Northeast
58MiddletownNew Jersey5,128Northeast
59MiddleboroughMassachusetts5,008Northeast
60St. LouisMissouri4,977Midwest
61GrotonConnecticut4,805Northeast
62PlymouthMassachusetts4,758Northeast
63LynchburgVirginia4,630South
64AndoverMassachusetts4,530Northeast
65AuburnNew York4,486Northeast
66FrederickMaryland4,427South
67New LondonConnecticut4,335Northeast
68HarrisburgPennsylvania4,312Northeast
69DanburyConnecticut4,311Northeast
70SchenectadyNew York4,268Northeast
71EveshamNew Jersey4,239Northeast
72DanversMassachusetts4,228Northeast
73YorkPennsylvania4,216Northeast
74WorcesterMassachusetts4,173Northeast
75Fall RiverMassachusetts4,158Northeast
76DorchesterMassachusetts4,074Northeast
77BeverlyMassachusetts4,073Northeast
78NorwalkConnecticut3,972Northeast
79WoodbridgeNew Jersey3,969Northeast
80TrentonNew Jersey3,925Northeast
81HaverhillMassachusetts3,896Northeast
82OrangeNew Jersey3,887Northeast
83CoventryRhode Island3,851Northeast
84GilmantonNew Hampshire3,816Northeast
85GreenwichConnecticut3,801Northeast
86New BernNorth Carolina3,796South
87WilmingtonNorth Carolina3,791South
88South AmboyNew Jersey3,782Northeast
89ConcordNew Hampshire3,720Northeast
90CarlislePennsylvania3,707Northeast
91CumberlandRhode Island3,675Northeast
92South KingstownRhode Island3,663Northeast
93PittsfieldMassachusetts3,559Northeast
94EastonPennsylvania3,529Northeast
95BurlingtonVermont3,526Northeast
96North ProvidenceRhode Island3,503Northeast
97ElizabethNew Jersey3,455Northeast
98Saddle BrookNew Jersey3,399Northeast
99HagerstownMaryland3,371South
100Franklin, Somerset CountyNew Jersey3,352Northeast

References

  1. "Library Bibliography Bulletin 88, New York State Census Records, 1790–1925". New York State Library. October 1981. pp. 43 (p.49 of PDF).
  2. Total Virginia population represented here, including future state of West Virginia.
  3. Between 1790 and 1860, the state of West Virginia was part of Virginia; the data presented here reflects the present-day boundary.
  4. The District of Columbia is not a state but was created with the passage of the Residence Act of 1790. The territory that formed that federal capital was originally donated by both Maryland and Virginia; however, the Virginia portion was returned by Congress in 1846.
  5. U.S. Census Bureau. "1830 Census: Abstract of the returns of the Fifth Census".
  6. "The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription". National Archives and Records Administration. November 4, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
  7. Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, U.S. Census Bureau, 1998
  8. "Regions and Divisions". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.

Further reading

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