University of Karlsruhe, a German technical university, founded in the 19th century, since 2009 it has been named Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

A Technische Hochschule (German: [ˌtɛçnɪʃə ˈhoːxˌʃuːlə], plural: Technische Hochschulen, abbreviated TH) is a type of university focusing on engineering sciences in Germany. Previously, it also existed in Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands (Technische Hogeschool), and Finland (teknillinen korkeakoulu, teknisk högskola). In the 1970s (in Germany) and the 1980s (in the Netherlands), the Technische Hochschule emerged into the Technische Universität (German) or Technische Universiteit (Dutch). Since 2009, several German universities of applied sciences were renamed as Technische Hochschulen.

Terminology

In German-language countries, the term Hochschule is more general than Universität (plural: Universitäten) and also encompasses universities which do not have the right to confer doctorates and habilitations, in contrast to Universitäten. Today, Universitäten as well as other Hochschulen call themselves Technische Hochschule for historical reasons. However, a Technische Hochschule with the status of a Universität is regarded as a Technische Universität despite the name.

History

Since the Middle Ages, higher education institutions in Europe were called a university only if a certain classical canon of subjects encompassing philosophy, medicine, law and theology was taught. When engineering sciences became more important in academica due to the Industrial Revolution, institutions of tertiary education devoted to these were denied the prestigious denomination "university", and had to use the more general term Hochschule instead.

It was a major breakthrough, then, when in the first half of the 20th century, some Technische Hochschulen in Germany and Technische Hogescholen in the Netherlands were given the right to award the doctoral degrees, and again later when they were allowed to call themselves universities. This change of status was accompanied by a broader spectrum of academic disciplines and more fundamental research.

While most former Technische Hochschulen opted to change their name to Technische Universität to reflect their new status, some of them preferred to maintain their traditional and established names, most notably the RWTH Aachen in Germany as well as ETH Zurich and EPF Lausanne in Switzerland.

Starting in 2009, several German universities of applied sciences (Fachhochschulen) with a technical focus have changed their names to Technische Hochschule.

In Austria

List of Austrian Technische Universitäten by location:

InstitutionEstablishedCityStateStaffStudents
Technische Universität Graz1811GrazStyria2,25612,692
Technische Universität Wien1815ViennaVienna4,07826,218

In Finland

The concept of a TH exists also in Finland as teknillinen korkeakoulu, which is equivalent to a TH. Examples include Teknillinen korkeakoulu in Espoo, Tampereen teknillinen korkeakoulu and Lappeenrannan teknillinen korkeakoulu. Similarly to German speaking countries, most of them later changed their name to teknillinen yliopisto, which is equivalent to a TU. However, Teknillinen korkeakoulu retained its old name until it merged with two other universities to form the current Aalto University.

In Germany

List of German Technische Universitäten by location:

InstitutionEstablishedCityStateStaffStudents
Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen1870AachenNorth Rhine-Westphalia8,04740,025
Technische Universität Berlin1770BerlinBerlin8,30231,427
Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig1745BraunschweigLower Saxony5,55015,500
Technische Universität Chemnitz1836ChemnitzSaxony1,18510,850
Technische Universität Clausthal1775Clausthal-ZellerfeldLower Saxony1,0004,080
Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg2013CottbusBrandenburg1,21810,310
Technische Universität Darmstadt1877DarmstadtHesse4,12224,305
Technische Universität Dortmund1968DortmundNorth Rhine-Westphalia3,86729,672
Technische Universität Dresden1828DresdenSaxony7,09436,534
Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg1765FreibergSaxony1,5405,455
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg1978HamburgHamburg1,1506,678
HafenCity Universität Hamburg2006HamburgHamburg5042,304
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover1831HannoverLower Saxony4,29022,236
Technische Universität Ilmenau1894IlmenauThuringia2,0216,909
Technische Universität Kaiserslautern1970KaiserslauternRhineland-Palatinate1,12414,184
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie1825KarlsruheBaden-Württemberg9,25122,146
Technische Universität München1868MunichBavaria8,35152,000
Universität Stuttgart1829StuttgartBaden-Württemberg4,94627,686

List of Technische Hochschulen (institutions with the status of Technische Universität not included) by location:

Institution Established renamed Technische Hochschule City State Staff Students
Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Amberg-Weiden 1994 2013 Amberg, Weiden Bavaria 325 3,500
Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg 1995 2019 Aschaffenburg Bavaria ? 3.374
Technische Hochschule Bingen 1971 2016 Bingen am Rhein Rhineland-Palatinate 212 2,628
Technische Hochschule Georg Agricola 1816 2016 Bochum North Rhine-Westphalia 252 2,279
Technische Hochschule Brandenburg 1992 2016 Brandenburg an der Havel Brandenburg 240 2,616
Technische Hochschule Deggendorf 1994 2013 Deggendorf Bavaria 552 5,700
Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt 1994 2013 Ingolstadt Bavaria 450 5,200
Technische Hochschule Köln 1971 2015 Cologne North Rhine-Westphalia 1,620 24,818
Technische Hochschule Lübeck 1969 2018 Lübeck Schleswig-Holstein 441 4,689
Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen 1971 2010 Giessen, Friedberg, Wetzlar Hesse 1,000 16,044
Technische Hochschule Nürnberg 1971 2013 Nuremberg Bavaria 1,855 12,234
Technische Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe 1971 2019 Lemgo, Detmold, Höxter North Rhine-Westphalia 715 6,544
Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg 1971 2013 Regensburg Bavaria 690 11,000
Technische Hochschule Rosenheim 1971 2018 Rosenheim Bavaria 500 5,901
Technische Hochschule Ulm 1960 2019 Ulm Baden-Württemberg 120 professors 4,125
Technische Hochschule Wildau 1991 2009 Wildau Brandenburg 335 4,152
Technische Hochschule Würzburg-Schweinfurt 1971 2023 Würzburg, Schweinfurt Bayern 795 9,322

In Switzerland

List of Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology by location:

InstitutionEstablishedCityStaffStudents
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne1853Lausanne4,0009,000
Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich1855Zürich10,24217,781


In The Netherlands

List of Universities of Technology (Technische Universiteiten) in the Netherlands:

InstitutionEstablishedCityStaffStudents
Delft University of Technology1842Delft7,26526,424
Eindhoven University of Technology1956Eindhoven3,200 12,926

4TU is the federation of the four Dutch universities of technology with the following institutions as members: Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), University of Twente (UT), and Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR).

See also

References

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