Konjo
Olhukonzo
Native toUganda and Democratic Republic of the Congo
EthnicityBakonjo
Native speakers
610,000 in Uganda (2002 census)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3koo
Glottologkonz1239
JD.41[2]

The lhukonzo (Konzo) language, variously rendered Lukonzo, Olukonzo, and konzo, is a Bantu language spoken by the Konzo people of Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It has a 77% lexical similarity with Nande. There are many dialects, including Sanza (Ekisanza).[1]

Writing system

Konzo alphabet[3]
abdef ghikl mnopq rstuv wyz

Phonetics

Consonants

Konzo consonant phonemes[4]
Labial Dental Alveolar Retroflex Postalveolar/ Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ny
Stop prenasalized ᵐb mb ⁿd nd ᶮɟ ngy ᵑɡ ng
implosive/ voiced ɓ bb d ɟ gy g
voiceless p t ʈ th c ky k
voiceless prenasalized ⁿt nt
Fricative prenasalized ⁿz nz
voiced v β b z ɣ gh
voiceless f s h h
Approximant l ɭ lh y w
Rhotic r

In addition to the phonemes noted above, Konzo also has a voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate /t͡s/.

Vowels

Konzo is characterized by distinguishing advanced and retracted tongue root.[5]

Konzo's IPA vowel chart[4]

Front Back
Close i u
Near-close ɪ ʊ
Mid ɛ ɤ o
Open a

Basic vocabulary

List of basic phrases and words.[6]

  • Good morning – wabukire
  • Good afternoon – wasibire
  • Good night - ukeyesaye buholho
  • Thank you (very much) – wasingya (kutsibu)
  • How are you? – ghune wuthi?
  • How are you? – muneyo?
  • Fine – ngane ndeke
  • Sir/man – mulhume
  • Madam/woman – mukalhi
  • Boy – omuthabana
  • Girl – omumbesa
  • Dear – mwanithu
  • Friend – omukaghu
  • King – mukama/mwami omusinga
  • 2-10 – ibiri, isatu, ini, ithanu, mukagha, musanju, munani, mwenda, ikumi
  • Car – engumbaghalhi
  • Water – amaghetse
  • Gift – kihembo
  • House - enumba
  • Goat - embene
  • Dog - embwa

References

  1. 1 2 Konjo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
  3. Kambale 2007.
  4. 1 2 "Konjo language and pronunciation". omniglot.com. Retrieved 2022-10-29.
  5. Derek Nurse; Gérard Philippson, eds. (2003). The Bantu languages. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-7007-1134-1. OCLC 50323065.
  6. Kambale, Balinandi (2009). Lhukonzo - English -- English - Lhukonzo Dictionary. Kampala: Fountain Publishers. ISBN 978-9970-02-574-9.

Works cited


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