Administration in Bihar
Seal of Bihar
Seat of GovernmentPatna
Legislative branch
Assembly
SpeakerAwadh Bihari Chaudhary
Members in Assembly243
CouncilBihar Legislative Council
ChairmanAwadhesh Narain Singh
Members in Council75
Executive branch
GovernorRajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
Chief MinisterNitish Kumar
Judiciary
High CourtPatna High Court
Chief JusticeJustice Shri k vinod chandran

Bihar is a state situated in Eastern India. It is surrounded by West Bengal to the east, Uttar Pradesh to the west, Jharkhand to the south and Nepal to the north.

History

Recent History of
Administrative of structure
Bihar
Bihar as part of
Bengal Presidency
(1776-1912)[Note 1]
Bihar Province
(Pre-independence )
Bihar State
(Post-independence )
1936-2000
Bihar after
Bihar Jharkhand bifurcation
post 2011
[Note 1] : 1905 map of Bengal Presidency, British India

Magadha, Anga and Vajjika League of Mithila, c. 600 BCE.

Bengal Presidency

Before 1905, Bihar was a part of British East India Company's Bengal Presidency. In 1905 the Bengal Presidency was divided and created two new provinces: East Bengal and West Bengal. Until then Bihar was part of West Bengal. Again West Bengal and East Bengal reunited in 1911 but the people of Bihar and Orrisa demanded a separate province based on language rather than religion. In 1912 Bihar and Orissa Province was created separating from Bengal Presidency. In 1936, Bihar and Orrisa Province divided into two new provinces: Bihar Province and Orissa Province.

Bihar and Orissa Province

Following Divisions were included in Bihar and Orissa Province when it separated from Bengal Presidency in 1912:

On 1 April 1936 Bihar and Orissa Province was divided into two new provinces: Bihar Province and Orissa Province

Bihar Province

In 1936, Bihar became a separate province including part of Jharkhand.

After the independence of India in 1951, Bihar including Jharkhand had 18 divisions, and had 55 districts in 1991.

Bihar

In 2000, Bihar again divided into two states: the current Bihar and Jharkhand. In 2001 Bihar had a total of 38 districts.

Administrative structure

Structure

Administrative divisions
Divisions 9
Districts 38
Subdivisions 101
Cities and towns 261
Blocks 534
Villages 45,103
Panchayats 8,058
Police Districts 43
Police Stations 1064

Structurally Bihar is divided into divisions (Pramandal), districts (Zila), sub-divisions (Anumandal) & circles (Aanchal).The state is divided into 9 divisions, 38 districts, 101 subdivisions and 534 circles.[1] 17 municipal corporations, 84 Nagar Parishads and 151 Nagar Panchayats,[2][3][4][5][6] for administrative purposes.

India
Bihar
Divisions
Districts
Blocks
(Tehsils)
Municipal Corporations
(Nagar Nigam)
Municipal Councils
(Nagar Parishad)
Town Council
(Nagar Panchayat)
Villages
(Graam/Gau'n)
Wards

Divisions and Districts

There are 38 districts in Bihar, grouped into 9 divisions —Patna, Tirhut, Saran, Darbhanga, Kosi, Purnia, Bhagalpur, Munger and Magadh —are as listed below.

Division Headquarters Districts District map of Bihar
Patna



Patna Bhojpur, Buxar, Kaimur, Patna, Rohtas, Nalanda
Saran Chapra Saran, Siwan , Gopalganj
Tirhut Muzaffarpur East Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Sheohar, Sitamarhi, Vaishali, West Champaran
Purnia Purnia Araria, Katihar, Kishanganj, Purnia
Bhagalpur Bhagalpur Banka, Bhagalpur
Darbhanga Darbhanga Darbhanga, Madhubani, Samastipura
Kosi Saharsa Madhepura, Saharsa, Supaul
Magadh Gaya Arwal, Aurangabad, Gaya, Jehanabad, Nawada
Munger Munger Begusarai,Jamui, Khagaria, Munger, Lakhisarai, Sheikhpura

Sub-divisions

Sub-divisions (Anumandal) in Bihar are like sub-districts. There are 101 subdivisions in Bihar.

Blocks

The Indian state of Bihar is divided into 534 CD Block called blocks.[7][8]

List of Blocks in Bihar

DistrictBlock
GayaGurua
GayaKonch
GayaManpur
GayaParaiya
GayaBankeBazar
GayaImamganj
GayaDumariya
GayaBarachatti
Gayawazirganj
GayaSherghati
GayaTekari
DistrictBlock
NawadaAkbarpur
NawadaGovindpur
NawadaHisua
NawadaKashichak
NawadaKawakol
NawadaMeskaur
NawadaNardiganj
NawadaNarhat
NawadaNawada
NawadaPakribarawan
NawadaRajauli
Nawada Roh
Nawada Sirdala
Nawada Warisaliganj
DistrictBlock
SiwanAndar
SiwanBarharia
SiwanBasantpur
SiwanBhagwanpur Hat
SiwanDarauli
SiwanDaraundha
SiwanGoriakothi
SiwanGuthani
SiwanHasanpura
SiwanHussainganj, Siwan
SiwanLakri Nabiganj
SiwanMaharajganj
SiwanMairwa
SiwanNautan
SiwanPanchrukhi
SiwanRaghunathpur, Siwan
SiwanSiswan
SiwanSiwan
SiwanZiradei
DistrictBlock
VaishaliBhagwanpur
VaishaliBidupur
VaishaliChehrakala
VaishaliDesari
VaishaliGoraul
VaishaliHajipur
VaishaliJandaha
VaishaliLalganj
VaishaliMahnar
VaishaliMahua
VaishaliPatedhi Belsar
VaishaliPatepur
VaishaliRaghopur, Vaishali
VaishaliRajapakar
VaishaliSahdei Buzurg
VaishaliVaishali
District Block
Begusarai Chhourahi
Begusarai Balia
Begusarai Mansurchak
Gopalganj Kuchaikote
Jehanabad Hulasganj
Purnia Bhawanipur
Saran Dariapur
Saran Sonpur
Sitamarhi Majorganj
Munger Dharhara
Muzaffarpur Sahebganj
District Block
Madhepura Alamnagar
Madhepura Bihariganj
Madhepura Chousa
Madhepura Gamhariya
Madhepura Ghelardh
Madhepura Gwalpara
Madhepura Kumarkhand
Madhepura Madhepura
Madhepura Murliganj
Madhepura Puraini
Madhepura Shankarpur
Madhepura Singheshwar
Madhepura Udakishunganj

Urban Local Government

Municipal Bodies

As per Census 2011, Bihar is the second least urbanised state in the country, with a rate of urbanisation of 11.3%, as compared to the national rate of 31.16%.[9][10] The state has 139 StatutoryTowns and 60 Census Towns.[11]

For the administration of the urban areas, Bihar has 19 municipal corporations, 88 nagar parishads (city councils), and 154 nagar panchayats (town councils).[12][13][14][15][16] Bihar has one municipal act to establish and govern all municipalities in the state: Bihar Municipal Act, 2007.[17]

As per a 2017 report by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India, Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in Bihar carry out 12 out of 18 functions, and the remaining 6 are carried out by Bihar state government departments.[18] The Fifth Bihar State Finance Commission report states that the ULB funds are ‘grossly inadequate for their assigned functions, they are unable to utilize even that’.[19]

The Bihar Municipal Act, 2007 creates the following categories of urban areas based on their population. All three types of urban areas must have at least 75% of their population engaged in non-agricultural work.[17]

Types of Urban Areas according to the Bihar Municipal Act, 2007
Type Population Criteria Type of Local Body
City Larger urban area: 2 lakh or more Municipal Corporation
Town Medium urban area: 40 thousand or more but less than 2 lakh Municipal Council
Small Town or Transitional Area 12 thousand and more

but less than 40 thousand

Nagar Panchayat

Further, depending on the population size, the Act prescribes the minimum and maximum number of councillors/wards allowed within each type of local government.

Minimum and Maximum number of Councillors/Wards Allowed according to the Bihar Municipal Act, 2007
Population Range Minimum Incremental Number Maximum
Municipal Corporations
Above 10 lakh 67 One additional Councillor for every 75,000 above 10

lakh

75
Above 5 lakh up to 10 lakh 57 One additional Councillor for every 50,000 above 5

lakh

67
Above 2 lakh up to 5 lakh 45 One additional Councillor for every 25,000 above 2

lakh

57
Municipal Council
Class 'A' Municipal Council 42 One additional Councillor for every 15,000 above

1,50,000

45
Class 'B' Municipal Council 37 One additional Councillor for every 10,000 above 1

lakh

42
Class 'C' Municipal Council 25 One additional Councillor for every 5,000 above

40, 000

37
Nagar Panchayat
Nagar Panchayat 10 One additional Member for every 2,000 above 12,000 25

The Act mentions the following key positions as well as committees for ULBs:

Elected Officials Administrative Officials Committees
Councillor, Chief Councillor, Deputy Chief Councillor Municipal Commissioner, Controller of Municipal Finances and Accounts, Municipal Internal Auditor, Chief Municipal Engineer, Municipal Architect and Town Planner, Chief Municipal Health Officer, Municipal Law Officer, Municipal Secretary, three Additional Municipal commissioners

Such number of Joint Municipal Commissioners or Deputy Municipal Commissioners or Deputy Chief Municipal Engineers as the Empowered Standing Committee may, from time to time, determine,

Empowered Standing Committee, Joint Committee, Municipal Accounts Committee, Subject Committee, Ward Committee, Wards Committee

Ward Committees

Bihar Municipal Act, 2007 mandates the establishment of Ward Committees through the Bihar Urban Local Body (Community Participation) Rules, 2013.[20] Section 31 of the Bihar Municipal Act, 2007 mandates the establishment of Ward Committees for each ward of a municipality.[17] The ward level elected councillor would be the chairperson of their respective Ward Committee. Up to 10 representatives from the civil society belonging to the ward would be nominated into the committee by the ULB.

Even though the creation of ward committees is mandated in municipalities, they have not been formed in Bihar.[21]

Government

Like other states in India, the head of state of Bihar is the Governor, appointed by the President of India on the advice of the central government. His or her post is largely ceremonial. The Chief Minister is the head of government and is vested with most of the executive powers. Patna is the capital of Bihar.

The Patna High Court, located in Patna, has jurisdiction over the whole state. The present legislative structure of Bihar is bicameral. The Legislative houses are the Bihar Vidhan Sabha (Bihar Legislative Assembly) and Bihar Vidhan Parishad (Bihar Legislative Council). Their normal term is five years, unless dissolved earlier.

Legislature

Bihar is one of the six states where bicameral legislature exists. Other states are Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The Vidhan Parishad serves as the upper house and Vidhan Sabha serves as the lower house of a bicameral legislature. The current strength of the Bihar Vidhan Parishad is 75 (63 Elected + 12 Nominated) is a permanent body. The current strength of the Bihar Vidhan Sabha is 243 and is not a permanent body which means it is subject to dissolution.

Judiciary

High court

The Patna High Court (Hindi: पटना उच्च न्यायालय) is the High Court of the state of Bihar and was established on 9 February 1916 and later affiliated under the Government of India Act 1915. The Patna High Court is the principle civil courts in Bihar. However, a high court exercises its original civil and criminal jurisdiction only if the subordinate courts are not authorized by law to try such matters for lack of pecuniary, territorial jurisdiction. High courts may also enjoy original jurisdiction in certain matters, if so designated especially in a state or federal law. The Patna High Court has 53 Judges which includes 40 permanent and 13 additional judges.

City Courts

See also

References

  1. "Indexing Gender Parity and Estimation of Child Marriage: A comprehensive study of 534 Blocks in Bihar". Archived from the original on 2017-09-25.
  2. "Bihar Civic elections likely in May 2017". Archived from the original on 2017-03-31.
  3. "बिहार : नगर विकास एवं आवास विभाग की पहल, पुनर्गठन से नगर परिषदों की बढ़ जायेगी संख्या". Archived from the original on 2017-03-24.
  4. "पहली बार कोई महिला बनेगी पटना नगर निगम की मेयर". Archived from the original on 2017-03-24.
  5. "Ward delimitation begins in Chhapra". Archived from the original on 2017-02-27.
  6. "छपरा को निगम बख्तियारपुर को मिला नगर परिषद का दर्जा". Archived from the original on 2017-03-24.
  7. "State Profile". Government of Bihar. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  8. "534 Bihar Blocks list" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-28.
  9. Ranjan, Sagarika (8 February 2016). "The challenge of urbanizing Bihar". Governance Today. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  10. "Provisional Population Totals: Urban Agglomerations and Cities" (PDF). Census India. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  11. "Provisional Population Totals: Bihar" (PDF). Census India. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  12. "Bihar Civic elections likely in May 2017". Archived from the original on 31 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  13. Pandey, Ashutosh Kumar (20 March 2017). "बिहार : नगर विकास एवं आवास विभाग की पहल, पुनर्गठन से नगर परिषदों की बढ़ जायेगी संख्या" [Bihar: Initiatives of the Department of Urban Development and Housing, will increase the number of city councils by restructuring]. Prabhat Khabar (in Hindi). Archived from the original on 24 March 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2019.
  14. "पहली बार कोई महिला बनेगी पटना नगर निगम की मेयर" [For the first time, a woman will become the mayor of Patna Municipal Corporation]. Archived from the original on 24 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  15. "Ward delimitation begins in Chhapra". Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  16. "छपरा को निगम बख्तियारपुर को मिला नगर परिषद का दर्जा". 14 February 2017. Archived from the original on 24 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
  17. 1 2 3 "Bihar Municipal Act, 2007" (PDF). Urban Development and Housing Department, Government of Bihar. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  18. "Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India on Local Bodies for the year ended March 2016" (PDF). Comptroller and Auditor General of India. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  19. "Final Report for 2015-20 of the Fifth State Finance Commission Bihar" (PDF). Finance Department, Government of Bihar. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  20. "Bihar Urban Local Body (Community Participation) Rules, 2013". Bare Acts Live. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
  21. "National Consultation on Urban Governance: Key Findings from 21 States" (PDF). Praja. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
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