Lindesnes Municipality
Lindesnes kommune
View of Vigeland, the administrative centre of Lindesnes Municipality
View of Vigeland, the administrative centre of Lindesnes Municipality
Agder within Norway
Agder within Norway
Lindesnes within Agder
Lindesnes within Agder
Coordinates: 58°06′15″N 07°17′20″E / 58.10417°N 7.28889°E / 58.10417; 7.28889
CountryNorway
CountyAgder
DistrictSørlandet
Established1 Jan 1964
  Preceded bySpangereid, Sør-Audnedal, and Vigmostad municipalities
Administrative centreMandal
Government
  Mayor (2020)Even Sagebakken (Ap)
Area
  Total933.53 km2 (360.44 sq mi)
  Land883.17 km2 (340.99 sq mi)
  Water50.36 km2 (19.44 sq mi)  5.4%
  Rank#126 in Norway
Population
 (2022)
  Total23,147
  Rank#55 in Norway
  Density26.2/km2 (68/sq mi)
  Change (10 years)
Increase +4.3%
DemonymsLindesnes-folk
Lindesnesmann (male)
Lindesneskvinne (female)[1]
Official language
  Norwegian formBokmål
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
  Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
ISO 3166 codeNO-4205[3]
WebsiteOfficial website

Lindesnes (English: the Naze) is a municipality in Agder county, Norway. It is located in the traditional district of Sørlandet. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Mandal. Other villages in Lindesnes include Åvik, Høllen, Skofteland, Svenevig, Vigmostad, Heddeland, Bjelland, Breland, Koland, Laudal, Øyslebø, Bykjernen, Skjebstad, Sånum-Lundevik, Skogsfjord-Hesland, Krossen, Harkmark, Skinsnes-Ime, and Tregde-Skjernøy.[4]

The 934-square-kilometre (361 sq mi) municipality is the 126th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Lindesnes is the 55th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 23,147. The municipality's population density is 26.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (68/sq mi) and its population has increased by 4.3% over the previous 10-year period.[5][6]

General information

Lindesnes Fjellhallen (Millenium-Fjellhallen built in the rocks 2000–2004)
Lindesnes fyr. The lighthouse is close to the southernmost point of mainland Norway.
Aerial view of the southern coastline of Lindesnes

The municipality of Lindesnes was created as a new municipality on 1 January 1964 after the merger of the older municipalities of Spangereid (population: 899), Sør-Audnedal (population: 2,323), and Vigmostad (population: 589).[7]

On 1 January 2020, the neighboring municipalities of Mandal and Marnardal were merged into Lindesnes, creating a much larger municipality of Lindesnes. At the same time, the administrative centre of the new, larger municipality was moved to the town of Mandal.[8]

Name

The oldest Old Norse form of the name was Líðandi. That name is derived from the verb líða which means "lead to an end" or "go to the end" and the meaning of this name is probably just "the end", referring to its location at the southern tip of Norway. A later form was Líðandisnes where the word nes which means "headland" was added (a word that is related to the English forms ness and naze). The traditional English language version of the name is just the Naze, derived from ness meaning headland.[4]

Coat of arms

The original coat of arms was granted on 25 April 1986 and it was in use until 1 January 2020 when the municipality was enlarged and a new coat of arms was adopted. The official blazon was "Azure a lighthouse issuant argent" (Norwegian: I blått et oppvoksende sølv fyrtårn). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is the top of a lighthouse. The lighthouse has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The lighthouse represents the local Lindesnes Lighthouse, the oldest lighthouse in Norway. It was built in 1655 on the Lindesnes peninsula. The arms were designed by Truls Nygaard who based it after a design by Rolf Dybvig. The municipal flag had the same design as the coat of arms.[9][10][11]

The new coat of arms was granted on 1 January 2020 and it was a slightly more modern take on the old arms. The blazon is "Azure, a lighthouse issuant and a crest a mural crown argent" (Norwegian: På blågrønn bakgrunn, et hvitt fyrtårn med murkrone). This means the arms have a blue field (background) and the charge is a lighthouse with a crown above the shield. The charge has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The new arms have a slightly different design and the addition of a mural crown above the escutcheon to represent the fact that the municipality now includes the town of Mandal. The color was also changed to a more teal blue.[9][12]

Churches

The Church of Norway has eight parishes (sokn) within the municipality of Lindesnes. It is part of the Lister og Mandal prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark.

Churches in Lindesnes
Parish (sokn)Church nameLocation of the churchYear built
BjellandBjelland ChurchBjelland1793
HolumHolum ChurchKrossen1825
LaudalLaudal ChurchLaudal1826
MandalHarkmark ChurchHarkmark1613
Mandal ChurchMandal1821
SpangereidSpangereid ChurchHøllenc. 1140
ValleValle ChurchVigeland1793
VigmostadVigmostad ChurchVigmostad1848
ØyslebøØyslebø ChurchØyslebø1797

Government

All municipalities in Norway are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, welfare and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.[13] The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Agder District Court and the Agder Court of Appeal.

Municipal council

The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Lindesnes is made up of 21 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party.

Lindesnes kommunestyre 20202023 [14]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 8
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 11
  Green Party (Miljøpartiet De Grønne) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:39
Lindesnes kommunestyre 20152019 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 3
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:21
Lindesnes kommunestyre 20122015 [16]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 2
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 2
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Pensioners' Party (Pensjonistpartiet) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
Total number of members:21
Lindesnes kommunestyre 20082011 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 2
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 4
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 8
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:21
Lindesnes kommunestyre 20042007 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 4
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Socialist Left Party (Sosialistisk Venstreparti) 1
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:21
Lindesnes kommunestyre 20002003 [15]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 4
  Progress Party (Fremskrittspartiet) 3
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 5
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 8
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 19961999 [17]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 6
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 4
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 19921995 [18]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 3
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 19881991 [19]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 19841987 [20]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 8
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 6
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 2
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 19801983 [21]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 10
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 3
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 19761979 [22]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 5
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 7
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 5
  New People's Party (Nye Folkepartiet) 1
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 4
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 2
 Cross-party list (Tverrpolitisk Liste)1
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 19721975 [23]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 2
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 4
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 19681971 [24]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 3
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 7
Total number of members:25
Lindesnes kommunestyre 19641967 [25]  
Party name (in Norwegian)Number of
representatives
  Labour Party (Arbeiderpartiet) 7
  Conservative Party (Høyre) 3
  Christian Democratic Party (Kristelig Folkeparti) 2
  Centre Party (Senterpartiet) 5
  Liberal Party (Venstre) 8
Total number of members:25

Mayors

The mayors (Norwegian: ordfører) of Lindesnes:

  • 1964–1967: Gunnar Gulli (V)
  • 1968–1971: Daniel Leland (Sp)
  • 1972–1975: Knut Lunden (KrF)
  • 1976–1979: Terje Gabrielsen (H)
  • 1980–1981: Kenneth Skofteland (KrF)
  • 1982–1983: Peder Skofteland (H)
  • 1984–1987: Kenneth Skofteland (KrF)
  • 1988–1993: Ansgar Gabrielsen (H)
  • 1993–1999: Oddleiv Skagestad (H)
  • 1999–2011: Ivar Lindal (KrF)
  • 2011–present: Janne Fardal Kristoffersen (H)

Geography

Lindesnes is a coastal municipality, with a long stretch of coastline to the south. It borders Lyngdal municipality to the west, Evje og Hornnes to the north, and Kristiansand and Vennesla to the east. The Lindesnes Lighthouse stands on the southernmost point of the mainland of Norway, nearly 1,700 kilometres (1,100 mi) southwest of Knivskjellodden, the northernmost point of mainland Norway. The southern coast of Lindesnes is rugged and includes several fjords such as the Snigsfjorden and Grønsfjorden as well as many islands such as Svinør. The interior of the municipality follows the Audnadalen valley through which the river Audna flows south into the Snigsfjorden.

Climate

Lindesnes has a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb). The weather station has been recording since January 1863, and is situated near the Lindesnes lighthouse on a peninsula protruding into the sea. It is the southernmost mainland point in Norway. The all-time high temperature is 27.3 °C (81.1 °F) recorded August 1975; the all-time low is −18.1 °C (−0.6 °F) recorded in January 1987. The five months May - September have not seen any overnight freeze, with coldest low 0.6 °C (33.1 °F) in May 1981 (data since 1954).

Climate data for Lindesnes Lighthouse 1991-2020 (extremes 1954-2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.2
(50.4)
9.5
(49.1)
14.9
(58.8)
18
(64)
23.2
(73.8)
26.4
(79.5)
27
(81)
27.3
(81.1)
21.3
(70.3)
16.6
(61.9)
13.7
(56.7)
11.4
(52.5)
27.3
(81.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 4.5
(40.1)
3.7
(38.7)
5
(41)
8.2
(46.8)
12.1
(53.8)
15.1
(59.2)
17.7
(63.9)
18.2
(64.8)
15.4
(59.7)
11.4
(52.5)
7.9
(46.2)
5.7
(42.3)
10.4
(50.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 2.9
(37.2)
2
(36)
3.2
(37.8)
6.1
(43.0)
9.9
(49.8)
13
(55)
15.6
(60.1)
16.2
(61.2)
13.6
(56.5)
9.8
(49.6)
6.3
(43.3)
4
(39)
8.5
(47.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.2
(34.2)
0.5
(32.9)
1.6
(34.9)
4.4
(39.9)
8.1
(46.6)
11.2
(52.2)
13.9
(57.0)
14.4
(57.9)
11.9
(53.4)
8.1
(46.6)
4.7
(40.5)
2.3
(36.1)
6.9
(44.3)
Record low °C (°F) −18.1
(−0.6)
−15.1
(4.8)
−11
(12)
−5.5
(22.1)
0.6
(33.1)
4.5
(40.1)
6
(43)
7.8
(46.0)
3.6
(38.5)
−1.6
(29.1)
−8.3
(17.1)
−16.5
(2.3)
−18.1
(−0.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 131.2
(5.17)
99.7
(3.93)
87.5
(3.44)
69
(2.7)
63.5
(2.50)
71.9
(2.83)
81.8
(3.22)
101.3
(3.99)
119.1
(4.69)
151.6
(5.97)
132.4
(5.21)
135.2
(5.32)
1,244.2
(48.97)
Average precipitation days 17 13 13 10 10 9 10 12 14 16 16 17 157
Source 1: yr.no/Norwegian Meteorological Institute[26]
Source 2: NOAA - WMO averages 91-2020 Norway [27]


Climate data for Lindesnes Lighthouse 1961-1990
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 2.7
(36.9)
2.3
(36.1)
3.7
(38.7)
6.9
(44.4)
11.3
(52.3)
14.9
(58.8)
16.3
(61.3)
16.8
(62.2)
14.2
(57.6)
11.1
(52.0)
7.4
(45.3)
4.7
(40.5)
9.4
(48.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 1.1
(34.0)
0.5
(32.9)
2.0
(35.6)
4.7
(40.5)
9.0
(48.2)
12.5
(54.5)
14.2
(57.6)
14.8
(58.6)
12.4
(54.3)
9.6
(49.3)
5.6
(42.1)
2.9
(37.2)
7.4
(45.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −0.7
(30.7)
−1.3
(29.7)
0.3
(32.5)
2.8
(37.0)
7.3
(45.1)
10.7
(51.3)
12.4
(54.3)
13.0
(55.4)
10.7
(51.3)
7.9
(46.2)
3.8
(38.8)
0.9
(33.6)
5.7
(42.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 109
(4.3)
72
(2.8)
83
(3.3)
60
(2.4)
71
(2.8)
65
(2.6)
78
(3.1)
102
(4.0)
125
(4.9)
143
(5.6)
146
(5.7)
105
(4.1)
1,159
(45.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 14.7 10.2 12.9 9.5 9.5 8.9 8.8 11.4 14.3 15.5 17.4 14.4 147.5
Source: Norwegian Meteorological Institute[28]

Notable people

Public service & public thinking

Ellen Gleditsch, 1935
Adolph Tidemand, 1838
Gustav Vigeland, 1929
  • Peder Claussøn Friis (1545-1614), a Norwegian clergyman and author
  • Søren Jaabæk (1814 in Holum – 1894), a politician and farmer; longest-serving member of the Norwegian Parliament from 1845 to 1891
  • Geirulf Bugge (1862 in Mandal – 1940), a Norwegian judge & Supreme Court Justice
  • Ivar An Christensen (1868 in Mandal – 1934), a ship owner with a fleet of eleven steam ships
  • Elise Sem (1870–1950), a barrister, women's activist, and sports official who grew up in Manadal
  • Ellen Gleditsch (1879 in Mandal – 1968), a radiochemist and Norway's second female professor
  • Karen Platou (1879 in Mandal – 1950), a politician who was the first woman elected Member of Parliament
  • Arne Askildsen (1898–1982), a politician and bailiff of Mandal and Halse og Harkmark from 1928–1968, except during WWII
  • Asbjørn Aavik (1902 in Åvik - 1997), a Norwegian Lutheran missionary to China and writer
  • Leif Edwardsen (1922 in Mandal - 2002), a Norwegian diplomat
  • Knut Aukland (1929 in Vigmostad – 2014), a Norwegian physiologist
  • Ole-Johan Dahl (1931 in Mandal – 2002), Norway's foremost computer scientist
  • Ludvig Hope Faye (1931–2017), a Norwegian politician who was Mayor of Mandal from 1972–1975
  • Ansgar Gabrielsen (born 1955 in Mandal), a Norwegian consultant and former politician
  • Janne Haaland Matláry (born 1957), a political scientist, writer, politician, and academic

The Arts

Sport

References

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  15. 1 2 3 4 "Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M)" (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway.
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  21. "Kommunestyrevalget 1979" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå. 1979. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
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  29. IMDb Database retrieved 19 November 2020
  30. IMDb Database retrieved 19 November 2020

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