The list includes victories by Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force during the Iran–Iraq War.

List of confirmed victories

Date Unit Aircraft Pilot Weapon Victim Ref
7 September 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known[lower-alpha 1] 20 mm Mi-25, 4 ATTSOS [1]
10 September 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-9P MiG-21R [1]
13 September 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat M.R. Attaei AIM-54A MiG-23MS [1]
23 September 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat A. Azimi AIM-54A MiG-21 [1]
23 September 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-7E4 MiG-23 [1]
23 September 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-7E4 MiG-23 [1]
23 September 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-9J MiG-21 [1]
24 September 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known[lower-alpha 2] AIM-7E4 MiG-21MF [1]
24 September 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known[lower-alpha 2] AIM-9P MiG-21MF [1]
24 September 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A MiG-21MF [1]
25 September 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A MiG-21 [1]
25 September 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-9P MiG-21 [1]
25 September 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-9P MiG-21 [1]
25 September 1980 72 TFS/TFB 7 F-14A Tomcat S. Naghdi AIM-54A MiG-23BN [1]
25 September 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM MiG-23BN [1]
2 October 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-9P Su-20 [1]
3 October 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM MiG-23 [1]
5 October 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known Un­known Su-20 [1]
5 October 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known Un­known Su-20 [1]
5 October 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known Un­known MiG-23 [1]
10 October 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known Un­known MiG-23BN [1]
10 October 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known Un­known MiG-23BN [1]
10 October 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known Un­known MiG-23BN [1]
13 October 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Afshar AAM MiG-23BN [1]
15 October 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-7E4 Su-20 [1]
18 October 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat G. Malej AIM-9P MiG-23 [1]
18 October 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat G. Malej AIM-9P MiG-23 [1]
20 October 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat H. Al-e-Agha AIM-7E4 MiG-21MF [1]
22 October 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat K. Sedghi AIM-9P MiG-23ML [1]
22 October 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-9 MiG-23BN [1]
25 October 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-9P Su-20 [1]
26 October 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat A. Hazin AIM-9P MiG-21MF [1]
26 October 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat K. Akhbari AIM-9P MiG-21MF [1]
29 October 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat K. Sedghi AIM-54A MiG-23ML [1]
29 October 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat K. Sedghi AIM-54A MiG-23ML [1]
29 October 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat K. Sedghi AIM-9P MiG-23ML [1]
29 October 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat K. Sedghi AIM-9P MiG-23ML [1]
10 November 1980 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-7E4 MiG-23 [1]
21 November 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Afshar AIM-7E4 MiG-21 [1]
27 November 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Afshar AIM-54A MiG-21 [1]
2 December 1980 82 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat F. Dehghan AIM-54A MiG-21MF [1]
10 December 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known Un­known Su-20 [1]
22 December 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A Un­known[lower-alpha 3] [1]
22 December 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A Un­known[lower-alpha 3] [2]
30 December 1980 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known Un­known MiG-21 [2]
7 January 1981 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat M. Masbough[lower-alpha 4] AIM-54A[lower-alpha 5] MiG-23 [2][3]
7 January 1981 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat M. Masbough[lower-alpha 4] AIM-54A[lower-alpha 5] MiG-23 [2][3]
7 January 1981 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat M. Masbough[lower-alpha 4] AIM-54A[lower-alpha 5] MiG-23 [2][3]
29 January 1981 TFB 6 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54 Su-20 [2]
4 April 1981 TFB 6 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-9P MiG-23BN [2]
4 April 1981 TFB 6 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-9P MiG-23BN [2]
21 April 1981 TFB 6 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-9P MiG-23BN [2]
15 May 1981 82 TFS/TFB 7 F-14A Tomcat J. Zandi AIM-9P MiG-21MF [2]
22 October 1981 82 TFS/TFB 7 F-14A Tomcat S. Rostami AIM-54A Mirage F-1EQ [2]
22 October 1981 82 TFS/TFB 7 F-14A Tomcat S. Rostami AIM-54A Mirage F-1EQ [2]
22 October 1981 82 TFS/TFB 7 F-14A Tomcat S. Rostami AIM-54A Mirage F-1EQ [2]
22 October 1981 82 TFS/TFB 7 F-14A Tomcat S. Rostami AIM-7E MiG-21MF [2]
11 December 1981 82 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat H. Al-e-Agha AIM-54A Mirage F-1EQ [2]
11 December 1981 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat R. Azad AIM-54A MiG-21MF [2]
January 1982[lower-alpha 6] 82 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat J. Zandi AAM MiG-21MF [2]
March 1982[lower-alpha 6] 72 TFS/TFB 1 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-9P Su-22 [2]
21 July 1982 82 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Toufanian AIM-54A[lower-alpha 7] MiG-23MS [2]
21 July 1982 82 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Toufanian AIM-54A[lower-alpha 7] MiG-23MS [2]
21 July 1982 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Mousavi AIM-54A Su-22 [2]
16 September 1982 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat S. Rostami AIM-54A MiG-25RB [2]
10 October 1982 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat J. Zandi AIM-9P MiG-23 [2]
10 October 1982 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat J. Zandi AIM-9P MiG-23 [2]
7 November 1982 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-7E4 Su-22M-3K [2]
21 November 1982 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat M. Khosrodad AIM-54A MiG-23MS [2]
21 November 1982 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat M. Khosrodad AIM-54A MiG-23MS [2]
21 November 1982 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat M. Khosrodad AIM-7E4 MiG-21 [2]
27 November 1982 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat M. Khosrodad AAM SA 321 [2]
1 December 1982 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat S. Rostami AIM-54A MiG-25RB [2]
4 December 1982 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Toufanian AIM-54A MiG-25PD [2]
16 January 1983 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A MiG-23BN [2]
16 January 1983 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A Un­known [2]
16 January 1983 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A Un­known [2]
27 January 1983 73 TFS/TFB 7 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM Su-20 [2]
29 January 1983 73 TFS/TFB 7 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM MiG-23MS [2]
June 1983[lower-alpha 6] 82 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Afkhami AAM MiG-23 [2]
28 July 1983 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM Mirage F-1EQ [2]
28 July 1983 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM Mirage F-1EQ [2]
6 August 1983 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A MiG-25PD [2]
31 August 1983 73 TFS/TFB 7 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM Su-22M-3K [2]
14 February 1984 73 TFS/TFB 7 F-14A Tomcat Un­known[lower-alpha 1] AAM Su-22M-3K [2]
25 March 1984 73 TFS/TFB 7 F-14A Tomcat Un­known[lower-alpha 1] AIM-54A Tu-22B [4]
6 April 1984 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A Tu-22B [4]
6 April 1984 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A Tu-22B [4]
June 1984[lower-alpha 6] 82 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Afkhami AAM Su-22 [4]
March 1985[lower-alpha 6] 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known[lower-alpha 1] AAM MiG-27[lower-alpha 8] [4]
March 1985[lower-alpha 6] 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known[lower-alpha 1] AAM MiG-27[lower-alpha 8] [4]
26 March 1985 82 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM Mirage F-1EQ [4]
26 March 1985 82 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM Mirage F-1EQ [4]
26 March 1985 82 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM Mirage F-1EQ [4]
15 February 1986 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A MiG-25RB [4]
16 February 1986 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A Tu-22B [4]
18 February 1986 72 TFS/TFB 7 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A Mirage F-1EQ [4]
14 March 1986 82 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Toufanian AIM-9P Mirage 5[lower-alpha 9] [4]
April 1986[lower-alpha 6] 82 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat J. Zandi AAM MiG-23 [4]
April 1986[lower-alpha 6] 82 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat J. Zandi AIM-54A MiG-23PD [4]
12 July 1986 TFB 6 F-14A Tomcat Reza[lower-alpha 10] AIM-7E4 MiG-23ML [4]
August 1986[lower-alpha 6] TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM Su-22 [4]
August 1986[lower-alpha 6] TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM Su-22 [4]
August 1986[lower-alpha 6] TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM Su-22 [4]
August 1986[lower-alpha 6] TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM MiG-23 [4]
August 1986[lower-alpha 6] TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM MiG-23 [4]
6 October 1986 TFB 6 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A Mirage F-1EQ [4]
6 October 1986 TFB 6 F-14A Tomcat Un­known None[lower-alpha 11] Mirage F-1EQ [4]
7 October 1986 TFB 6 F-14A Tomcat Afshar AAM Mirage F-1EQ [4]
7 October 1986 TFB 6 F-14A Tomcat Un­known[lower-alpha 12] AAM Mirage F-1EQ [4]
14 October 1986 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A MiG-23 [4]
1986[lower-alpha 6] 73 TFS/TFB 7 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A MiG-25BM[lower-alpha 8] [4]
23 January 1987 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Moslemi AIM-7E4 MiG-23ML [4]
23 January 1987 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat M. Zooghi AIM-9P MiG-23ML [4]
18 February 1987 73 TFS/TFB 7 F-14A Tomcat H. Agha AIM-7E4 Mirage F-1EQ [4]
18 February 1987 73 TFS/TFB 7 F-14A Tomcat H. Agha AIM-9P Mirage F-1EQ [4]
18 February 1987 73 TFS/TFB 7 F-14A Tomcat H. Agha AIM-54A Mirage F-1EQ [4]
20 February 1987 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Amiraslani AIM-54A Mirage F-1EQ [4]
24 February 1987 Un­known F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM MiG-23ML [4]
24 February 1987 Un­known F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM Mirage F-1EQ-2 [4]
February 1987[lower-alpha 6] 72 TFS/TFB 1 F-14A Tomcat Afshar AIM-54A Su-22 [4]
May 1987[lower-alpha 6] TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat A. Rahnavard AIM-7E4 Su-22 [4]
22 August 1987 82 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Afkhami AAM MiG-23 [4]
29 August 1987 82 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat J. Zandi AAM Mirage F-1EQ-5 [4]
31 August 1987 82 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM Mirage F-1EQ-5 [4]
17 October 1987 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known[lower-alpha 1] AIM-9 MiG-23BK [4]
17 October 1987 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known[lower-alpha 1] AIM-9 MiG-23BK [4]
17 October 1987 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known[lower-alpha 1] AIM-9 MiG-23BK [4]
4 November 1987 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known[lower-alpha 1] AIM-9 Su-22M-4K [4]
11 November 1987 72 TFS/TFB 1 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A MiG-25BM[lower-alpha 8] [5]
15 November 1987 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Afkhami AIM-7 Mirage F-1EQ-5 [5]
November 1987[lower-alpha 6] 82 TFS/TFB 6 F-14A Tomcat J. Zandi AIM-9P Mirage F-1EQ [5]
9 February 1988 82 TFS/TFB 6 F-14A Tomcat Ghiasi AIM-7E4 Mirage F-1EQ-5 [5]
9 February 1988 82 TFS/TFB 6 F-14A Tomcat Ghiasi AIM-9P Mirage F-1EQ-5 [5]
9 February 1988 82 TFS/TFB 6 F-14A Tomcat Ghiasi AIM-9P Mirage F-1EQ [5]
15 February 1988 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Toufanian AIM-54A Mirage F-1EQ [5]
16 February 1988 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat A. Rahnavard AIM-9P Mirage F-1EQ [5]
16 February 1988 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat A. Rahnavard AIM-9P Mirage F-1EQ [5]
25 February 1988 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat G. Esmaeili AIM-54A B-6D [5]
25 February 1988 TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat G. Esmaeili AIM-54A C-601 (YJ-6) [5]
1 March 1988 82 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM Su-20 [5]
18 March 1988 81 TFS/TFB 6 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM Mirage F-1EQ [5]
19 March 1988 81 TFS/TFB 6 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A MiG-23ML [5]
19 March 1988 81 TFS/TFB 6 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A Tu-22B [5]
19 March 1988 81 TFS/TFB 6 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A MiG-25RB [5]
20 March 1988 72 TFS/TFB 6 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A MiG-25RB [5]
22 March 1988 72 TFS/TFB 6 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AIM-54A MiG-25RB [5]
24 March 1988 72 TFS/TFB 1 F-14A Tomcat Un­known AAM Mirage F-1EQ [5]
15 May 1988 72 TFS/TFB 1 F-14A Tomcat Afshar AIM-9P Mirage F-1EQ [5]
9 July 1988 81 TFS/TFB 8 F-14A Tomcat M. Zoghi AIM-9P Mirage F-1EQ [5]
IRIAA AH-1J 20 mm M197 electric cannon MiG-21 [6]
IRIAA AH-1J 20 mm M197 electric cannon MiG-21 [6]
IRIAA AH-1J 20 mm M197 electric cannon MiG-21 [6]
IRIAA AH-1J 20 mm M197 electric cannon Su-20 [6]
IRIAA AH-1J (together with another aircraft) 20 mm M197 electric cannon MiG-23 [6]

List of pilots

Pilot Aircraft Number of kills
Fazlollah JavidniaF-14 Tomcat12[3] or 11 (+2)[7]
Jalil ZandiF-14 Tomcat11[3] or 4 (+5)[7]
Fereidoun Ali-MazandaraniF-14 Tomcat9[3] or 11[7]
Abolfazl MehreganfarF-14 Tomcat6[3][7]
Hassan HarandiF-14 Tomcat6[3][7]
Shahram RostamiF-14 Tomcat5[3] or 3[7]
Hossein KhaliliF-14 Tomcat5[3][7]
Jamshid AfsharF-14 Tomcat5[3] or 3[7]
Jalil MoslemiF-14 Tomcat5[3]
K. SedghiF-14 Tomcat5[3]
ToufanianF-14 Tomcat5[3]
Mostafa RoustaeiF-14 Tomcat5[7]
Khalil DashtizadehF-14 Tomcat5[7]
Assadollah AdeliF-14 Tomcat5[7]
Mohammad MasboughF-14 Tomcat4[3][7]
Yadollah KhaliliF-14 Tomcat4[3][7]
Abbas AfkhamiF-4 Phantom4[3]
Mohsen MehnatiF-14 Tomcat4[7]
Hossein FarrokhiF-14 Tomcat4[7]
Aliasghar JahanbakhshF-14 Tomcat3[3][7]
Mohammad-Esmail PeyrovanF-14 Tomcat3[3][7]
Hashem Al-e-AghaF-14 Tomcat3[3][7]
Yadollah JavadpourF-5 Tiger3[3][7]
Yadollah SharifiradF-5 Tiger3[3][7]
Siavash BayaniF-4 Phantom3[3]
Abolfazl HoushyarF-14 Tomcat3[7]
Jafar BahadoranF-14 Tomcat3[7]
Gholamreza NezamabadiF-14 Tomcat3[7]
Javad ShokraeefardF-14 Tomcat3[7]
Source: Pierre Razoux (2015, 2019)

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Name of the pilot is withheld.
  2. 1 2 Attributed to a pilot identified as N.K.
  3. 1 2 It is either a MiG-21 or a Su-20.[1]
  4. 1 2 3 Cooper & Bishop do not record name of the pilot. Razoux identifies him as Mohammad Masbough.
  5. 1 2 3 A single missile scored three aircraft flying close to each other, and damaged the fourth.[1]
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Exact day unknown.
  7. 1 2 A single missile scored two aircraft flying close to each other.
  8. 1 2 3 4 The aircraft belonged to the Soviet Air Forces (VVS).[4]
  9. ↑ The aircraft belonged to the Egyptian Air Force (EAF).[4]
  10. ↑ The pilot is as mononymously identified as 'Reza' by Cooper and Bishop, thus it is unknown what the full-name is, and whether it is a surname or first name.
  11. ↑ Aircraft downed by manoeuvre.
  12. ↑ Cooper and Bishop identify the pilot as 'Afshar's wingman'.

Citations

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Cooper & Bishop 2004, Appendices: Iranian F-14A Tomcat Victories, p. 85
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Cooper & Bishop 2004, Appendices: Iranian F-14A Tomcat Victories, p. 86
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Razoux 2015, Table 1.3: Victories by Iranian pilots (3 or more victories), p. 571
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Cooper & Bishop 2004, Appendices: Iranian F-14A Tomcat Victories, p. 87
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Cooper & Bishop 2004, Appendices: Iranian F-14A Tomcat Victories, p. 88
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Williams, Anthony G.; Gustin, Emmanuel (2004). Flying Guns of the Modern Era. Marlborough: Crowood Press. p. 172. ISBN 9781861266552.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Razoux 2019, Section 31, p. 15

Sources

  • Cooper, Tom; Bishop, Farzad (2004), Holmes, Tony; Hales-Dutton, Bruce (eds.), Iranian F-14 Tomcat Units in Combat, Osprey Combat Aircraft, vol. 49, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-787-5
  • Bishop, Farzad; Cooper, Tom (2003), Holmes, Tony; Hales-Dutton, Bruce (eds.), Iranian F-4 Phantom II Units in Combat, Osprey Combat Aircraft, vol. 37, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-658-5
  • Razoux, Pierre (2015), The Iran-Iraq War, translated by Nicholas Elliott, Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-91571-8
  • Razoux, Pierre (2019), Le siècle des As (1915-1988): Une autre histoire de l'aviation (in French), Place des éditeurs, ISBN 978-2-262-04827-3
  • "Iranian Air-to-Air Victories, 1976–1981", Arabian Peninsula & Persian Gulf Database, Air Combat Information Group, 16 September 2003, archived from the original on 25 August 2013, retrieved 5 November 2020
  • "Iranian Air-to-Air Victories, 1982–Today", Arabian Peninsula & Persian Gulf Database, Air Combat Information Group, 16 September 2003, archived from the original on 25 August 2013, retrieved 5 November 2020
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