Tetraneuris acaulis

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Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Tetraneuris
Species:
T. acaulis
Binomial name
Tetraneuris acaulis
(Pursh) Greene 1898
Synonyms
Synonymy
  • Gaillardia acaulis Pursh 1813
  • Actinea acaulis (Pursh) Spreng.
  • Actinella acaulis (Pursh) Nutt.
  • Cephalophora acaulis (Pursh) DC.
  • Hymenoxys acaulis (Pursh) K.F. Parker
  • Picradenia acaulis (Pursh) Britton
  • Ptilepida acaulis (Pursh) Britton
  • Actinea eradiata (A.Nelson) A.Nelson
  • Actinea incana (A.Nelson) A.Nelson
  • Actinea osterhoutii A.Nelson
  • Actinea simplex (A.Nelson) A.Nelson
  • Actinella eradiata (A.Nelson) A.Nelson
  • Actinella incana (A.Nelson) A.Nelson
  • Actinella simplex (A.Nelson) A.Nelson
  • Tetraneuris eradiata A.Nelson
  • Tetraneuris incana A.Nelson
  • Tetraneuris pygmaea (A.Gray) Wooton & Standl.
  • Tetraneuris septentrionalis Rydb.
  • Tetraneuris simplex A.Nelson
  • Actinea arizonica (Greene) A.Nelson
  • Tetraneuris arizonica Greene
  • Actinea argentea (A.Gray) Kuntze
  • Actinea formosa (Greene ex Wooton & Standl.) A.Nelson
  • Actinea leptoclada (A.Gray) Kuntze
  • Actinella leptoclada A.Gray
  • Actinea lanigera Daniels
  • Tetraneuris brevifolia Greene
  • Tetraneuris lanata Greene
  • Tetraneuris lanigera Daniels
  • Actinea epunctata (A.Nelson) A.Nelson
  • Actinella epunctata (A.Nelson) A.Nelson
  • Tetraneuris crandallii Rydb.
  • Tetraneuris epunctata A.Nelson

Tetraneuris acaulis is a North American species of flowering plants in the sunflower family.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Common names include angelita daisy,[8] stemless four-nerve daisy,[9] stemless hymenoxys,[4] butte marigold,[10] and stemless rubberweed.[10]

Description

Tetraneuris acaulis is a highly variable perennial herb[2] which may be quite tiny to over 60 centimeters (2 feet) in height. The erect flowering stems are surrounded by basal leaves.[11] The leaves are up to 7.5 cm (3 in) long,[11] hairy or hairless, and glandular or without glands. In outline the leaves of T. acaulis vary from spoon shaped, wider at end and narrow at the base (spatulate), still wider near the end but narrower overall and much longer and wide (oblanceolate), to almost narrow like grass, though still slightly widened near the end (linear-oblanceolate).[12]

It flowers in summer and autumn.[11][4][5] There may be few or many flower heads borne singly on hairy stalks. The base of each flower head is up to 1.6 cm (58 in) wide. The head contains 8 to 21 yellow ray florets each up to 2 cm (34 in) long. At the center are many yellow disc florets, sometimes 200 or more. The fruits are dry achenes only a few millimeters long.[7] Some plants may have no ray florets.[11]

Varieties

It is generally accepted that there are four varieties of this species:[7][13]

Distribution and habitat

The species is widespread across much of the western and central United States, west-central Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan) and northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Zacatecas).[17][4][13] It grows in a variety of habitat types in foothills and subalpine regions,[5] and high prairie, badlands,[4] and plains.[2]

Uses

Tetraneuris acaulis has been used as a traditional medicinal plant. The Hopi used a poultice of the plant to relieve hip and back pain in pregnant women, and to make a stimulating drink.[18]

References

  1. Tetraneuris acaulis. ITIS.
  2. 1 2 3 Tetraneuris acaulis Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas.
  3. Hymenoxys acaulis. The Jepson Manual, University of Calilfornia
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Hymenoxys acaulis Archived 2013-02-02 at the Wayback Machine. United States Geologic Survey, Native Wildflowers of the North Dakota Grasslands.
  5. 1 2 3 Tetraneuris acaulis. Southwest Colorado Wildflowers.
  6. Tetraneuris acaulis. CalFlora taxon report, University of California
  7. 1 2 3 Tetraneuris acaulis. Flora of North America.
  8. Arizona Municipal Water Users Association, Low Water-use Plants
  9. 1 2 Tetraneuris acaulis. United States Department of Agricultgure Plants Profile
  10. 1 2 Tetraneuris acaulis. Canadensys.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. p. 381. ISBN 978-0-375-40233-3.
  12. Bierner, Mark W.; Turner, Billie L. (6 November 2020). "Tetraneuris acaulis - FNA". Flora of North America. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  13. 1 2 SEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter photos, description, distribution map
  14. Tetraneuris acaulis. Tropicos
  15. Welsh, Stanley Larson. 1993. Rhodora 95(883/884): 398–399 diagnosis in Latin, commentary in English
  16. Welsh, Stanley Larson. 1993. Rhodora 95(883/884): Plate 1, figure 5 line drawing of Tetraneuris acaulis var. nana
  17. Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  18. Tetraneuris acaulis'. University of Michigan, Dearborn, Native American Ethnobotany Database.
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