Eupterodactyloids
Temporal range: Late Jurassic-Late Cretaceous,
Life restoration of the pteranodontian Pteranodon longiceps
Restoration of Aerotitan sudamericanus depicted as an azhdarchid
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Order: Pterosauria
Suborder: Pterodactyloidea
Infraorder: Eupterodactyloidea
Bennett, 1994
Subgroups

Eupterodactyloidea (meaning "true Pterodactyloidea") is an extinct group of pterodactyloid pterosaurs that existed from the latest Late Jurassic to the latest Late Cretaceous periods (Tithonian to Maastrichtian stages). Eupterodactyloids lived on all continents except Antarctica.[1]

Classification

Eupterodactyloidea was named by S. Christopher Bennett in 1994 as an infraorder of the suborder Pterodactyloidea. Bennett defined it as an apomorphy-based clade.[2] However, in 2010, Brian Andres re-defined the group as a stem-based taxon in his dissertation,[3] and then formalized the definition in 2014 as all pterosaurs more closely related to Pteranodon longiceps than to Pterodactylus antiquus.[4] The slightly more exclusive group Ornithocheiroidea was re-defined in 2003 by Alexander Kellner. He defined it as the least inclusive clade containing Anhanguera blittersdorffi, Pteranodon longiceps, Dsungaripterus weii, and Quetzalcoatlus northropi. Ornithocheiroidea has often been used for a much more exclusive group including only the branch of traditional ornithocheirid pterosaurs, though this use has since fallen out of favor by many researchers after years of competing definitions for the various pterodactyloid clades. The compromise definitions by Andres and others have since become more widely adopted.

Below is a cladogram showing the results of a phylogenetic analysis first presented by Andres et al. in 2014,[4] and updated by Longrich, Martill, and Andres in 2018.[5] Andres and colleagues followed this definition, and also used a branch-based definition for Eupterodactyloidea, making them very similar in content.[4]

Eupterodactyloidea

Haopterus gracilis

Ornithocheiroidea

Piksi barbarulna

Pteranodontoidea
Pteranodontia
Pteranodontidae

Tethydraco regalis

Pteranodon longiceps

Pteranodon sternbergi

Nyctosauridae

Alamodactylus byrdi

Volgadraco bogolubovi

Cretornis hlavaci

Alcione elainus

Simurghia robusta

Muzquizopteryx coahuilensis

Barbaridactylus grandis

Nyctosaurus lamegoi

Nyctosaurus nanus

Nyctosaurus gracilis

Ornithocheiromorpha

Hongshanopterus lacustris

Lonchodectidae

Lonchodraco giganteus

Lonchodectes compressirostris

Boreopteridae

Boreopterus cuiae

Zhenyuanopterus longirostris

Lanceodontia
Istiodactylidae

Nurhachius ignaciobritoi

Liaoxipterus brachyognathus

Istiodactylus sinensis

Istiodactylus latidens

Aetodactylus halli

Cimoliopterus dunni

Cimoliopterus cuvieri

Anhangueria

Guidraco

Ludodactylus

Cearadactylus

Brasileodactylus

Ornithocheirae

Anhangueridae

Ornithocheiridae

Azhdarchoidea
Tapejaromorpha

Bennettazhia oregonensis

Tapejaridae
Tapejarinae

Tapejara wellnhoferi

Europejara olcadesorum

Vectidraco daisymorrisae

Caiuajara dobruskii

Tupandactylus navigans

Tupandactylus imperator

Bakonydraco galaczi

"Huaxiapterus" benxiensis

"Huaxiapterus" corollatus

Eopteranodon lii

Huaxiapterus jii

Sinopterus dongi

Neoazhdarchia
Dsungaripteromorpha
Dsungaripteridae
Dsungaripterinae

Dsungaripterus weii

Domeykodactylus ceciliae

Noripterinae

Noripterus parvus

Noripterus complicidens

Thalassodromidae

Tupuxuara longicristatus

Tupuxuara leonardii

Thalassodromeus sethi

Alanqa saharica

Aerotitan sudamericanus

Neopterodactyloidea
Chaoyangopteridae

Microtuban altivolans

Chaoyangopterinae

Shenzhoupterus

Chaoyangopterus

Jidapterus

Eoazhdarcho liaoxiensis

Radiodactylus langstoni

Azhdarchidae

Montanazhdarcho minor

Azhdarcho lancicollis

Phosphatodraco mauritanicus

Aralazhdarcho bostobensis

Eurazhdarcho langendorfensis

aff. Quetzalcoatlus

Zhejiangopterus linhaiensis

Arambourgiania philadelphiae

Hatzegopteryx thambema

Quetzalcoatlus spp.

References

  1. Richard J. Butler; Stephen L. Brusatte; Brian B. Andres; Roger B. J. Benson (2012). "How do geological sampling biases affect studies of morphological evolution in deep time? A case study of the Pterosauria (Reptilia: Archosauria)". Evolution. 66 (1): 147–162. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01415.x. PMID 22220871. S2CID 205783384.
  2. S. Christopher Bennett (1994). "Taxonomy and systematics of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon (Pterosauria, Pterodactyloidea)". Occasional Papers of the Natural History Museum of the University of Kansas. 169: 1–70.
  3. Andres, Brian Blake (2010). Systematics of the Pterosauria. Yale University. p. 366. Archived from the original on 2013-10-02. Retrieved 2012-06-05. A preview that shows the cladogram without clade names
  4. 1 2 3 Andres, B.; Clark, J.; Xu, X. (2014). "The Earliest Pterodactyloid and the Origin of the Group". Current Biology. 24 (9): 1011–6. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.030. PMID 24768054.
  5. Longrich, N.R., Martill, D.M., and Andres, B. (2018). Late Maastrichtian pterosaurs from North Africa and mass extinction of Pterosauria at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. PLoS Biology, 16(3): e2001663. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001663
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