Tin(IV) sulfide
Ball-and-stick model of tin(IV) sulfide
Names
IUPAC name
Tin(IV) sulfide
Other names
Tin disulfide, Stannic sulfide, Mosaic gold
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ECHA InfoCard 100.013.867
EC Number
  • 215-252-9
UNII
  • InChI=1S/2S.Sn/q2*-2;+4 ☒N[inchi]
    Key: TUTLDIXHQPSHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ☒N[inchi]
  • [S-2].[S-2].[Sn+4]
  • (S=Sn=S): S=[Sn]=S
Properties
S2Sn
Molar mass 182.83 g·mol−1
Appearance Gold-yellow powder
Odor Odorless
Density 4.5 g/cm3[1]
Melting point 600 °C (1,112 °F; 873 K)
decomposes[1]
Insoluble
Solubility Soluble in aq. alkalis, decompose in aqua regia[1]
Insoluble in alkyl acetates, acetone[2]
Structure
Rhombohedral, hP3[3]
P3m1, No. 164[3]
3 2/m[3]
a = 3.65 Å, c = 5.88 Å[3]
α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 120°
Octahedral (Sn4+)[3]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS07: Exclamation mark[4]
Warning
H302, H312, H315, H319, H332, H335[4]
P261, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P332+P313[4]
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
[4]
NFPA 704 four-colored diamond
1
0
0
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)
Infobox references

Tin(IV) sulfide is a compound with the formula SnS
2. The compound crystallizes in the cadmium iodide motif, with the Sn(IV) situated in "octahedral holes' defined by six sulfide centers.[5] It occurs naturally as the rare mineral berndtite.[6] It is useful as semiconductor material with band gap 2.2 eV.[7]

Reactions

The compound precipitates as a brown solid upon the addition of H
2S to solutions of tin(IV) species. This reaction is reversed at low pH. Crystalline SnS
2 has a bronze color and is used in decorative coating[8] where it is known as mosaic gold.

The material also reacts with sulfide salts to give a series of thiostannates with the formula [SnS
2]
m[S]2n−
n. A simplified equation for this depolymerization reaction is

SnS
2 + S2−
 → 1/x[SnS2−
3]
x.

Applications

Tin (IV) sulfide has various uses in electrochemistry. It can be used in anodes of lithium ion batteries, where an intercalation process occurs to form Li2S.[9] It can also be used in a similar way in electrodes of supercapacitors, which can be used as alternative source of energy storage.[10]

SnS2 has also been identified as a potential component of thermoelectric devices, which convert thermal energy to electrical energy. In one example, this property was made possible by forming a composite of SnS2 with multiwalled carbon nanotubes.[11]

SnS2 can also be used in wastewater treatment. Forming a membrane with SnS2 and carbon nanofibers can potentially allow for the reduction of certain impurities in water, an example of which is hexavalent chromium.[12]

In general, SnS2 is useful as a semiconductor and can be purchased in powder form for experimental purposes.[13]

See Also

Mosaic Gold

References

  1. 1 2 3 Lide, David R., ed. (2009). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0.
  2. ↑ Comey, Arthur Messinger; Hahn, Dorothy A. (February 1921). A Dictionary of Chemical Solubilities: Inorganic (2nd ed.). New York: The MacMillan Company. p. 1080.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Voort, G.F. Vander, ed. (2004). "Crystal Structure*" (PDF). ASM Handbook. 9 (Metallography and Microstructures): 29–43. doi:10.1361/asmhba0003722 (inactive 1 August 2023).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2023 (link)
  4. 1 2 3 4 "SDS of Stannic sulfide" (PDF). pfaltzandbauer.com. Connecticut, USA: Pfaltz & Bauer, Inc. Retrieved 2014-07-13.
  5. ↑ Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
  6. ↑ Vaughan, D. J.; Craig, J. R. "Mineral Chemistry of Metal Sulfides" Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 1978. ISBN 0-521-21489-0.
  7. ↑ L.A.Burton et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4, 1312-1318 DOI: 10.1039/C5TA08214E.
  8. ↑ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
  9. ↑ Cupid, D. M.; Rezqita, A.; Glibo, A.; Artner, M.; Bauer, V.; Hamid, R.; Jahn, M.; Flandorfer, H. (2021). "Understanding and Modelling the Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry of Lithiation of Tin (IV) Sulfide as an Anode Active Material for Lithium Ion Batteries". Electrochim. Acta. 375.
  10. ↑ Setayeshmehr, M.; Haghighi, M.; Mirabbaszadeh, K. (2021). "A Review of Tin Disulfide (SnS2) Composite Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors". Energy Storage. 4.
  11. ↑ Park, D.; Kim, M.; Kim, J. (2022). "Strongly Coupled Tin(IV) Sulfide—MultiWalled Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Composites and Their Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties". Inorg. Chem. 61: 3723–3729.
  12. ↑ Zhong, Y.; Qiu, X.; Chen, D.; Li, N.; Xu, Q.; Li, H.; He, J.; Lu, J. (2016). "Flexible Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber/Tin(IV) Sulfide Core/Sheath Membranes for Photocatalytically Treating Chromium(VI)-Containing Wastewater". ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 8: 28671–28677.
  13. ↑ "Tin (IV) Sulfide (SnS2) Powder/Chunk/Lumps (CAS No.1315-01-1) | Stanford Advanced Materials". www.samaterials.com. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
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