Promotional flyer for Paradise Park, Florida
Promotional flyer for Paradise Park, Florida

During the decades of segregation in the United States, African Americans established various resorts.[1] The resorts were self-contained commercial establishments. Varying resort accommodations included rooms for rent, meals and fine food, cocktail bars, dancing, sporting facilities (such as golf, horseback riding, tennis, swimming pools, fishing, badminton), and beaches.[2] Also in some cases entire communities (or towns) were known as resort areas for African Americans. The Negro Motorist Green Book helped guide African Americans to accommodating and safe places,[3] including Idlewild, Michigan, which was among the most well known.[4]

California

Colorado

Florida

Indiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Mississippi

New Jersey

New York (state)

North Carolina

  • Freeman Beach (now Freeman Park) in North Carolina[6][20]
  • Shell Island, North Carolina[21]

Pennsylvania

South Carolina

Virginia

Washington, D.C.

West Virginia

Wisconsin

See also

Further reading

  • Living the California Dream: African American Leisure Sites During the Jim Crow Era by Alison Rose Jefferson

References

  1. Algeo, Katie (August 2013). "Underground Tourists/Tourists Underground: African American Tourism to Mammoth Cave". Tourism Geographies. 15 (3): 380–404. doi:10.1080/14616688.2012.675514. ISSN 1461-6688.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 "Resorts". Ebony. Vol. 18. Johnson Publishing Company. June 1963. p. 132. ISSN 0012-9011.
  3. 1 2 "Before the Green Book, These Resorts Offered Hidden Safe Havens for Black Americans". HISTORY. January 7, 2019.
  4. Nelson, Angela M. "Idlewild: The Rise, Decline, and Rebirth of a Unique African American Resort Town". The Journal of American Culture. 38 (4): 426–427 via ProQuest.
  5. Walser, Lauren (June 10, 2016). "Exploring Los Angeles County's Historic African-American Beaches". savingplaces.org. National Trust for Historic Preservation. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Moultrie, George (February 21, 2013). "History of African American resorts". Lake County Star.
  7. Meares, Hadley (2020-05-04). "A Look Back at California's Long-Lost Black Beaches and Vacation Spots". LAmag. Retrieved 2023-09-03.
  8. https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/5views/5views2h76.htm
  9. "Nearly 100 Years Later, Black-Owned And Operated Lincoln Hills Recognized In Colorado History - CBS Colorado". CBS News. 2021-02-12. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
  10. "Gilpin County's historic Black-owned resort Lincoln Hills celebrates 100 years". Denver 7 Colorado News (KMGH). 2022-02-16. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
  11. 1 2 "Manhattan Beach, a resort for African-Americans, once flourished in Hanna Park dunes". The Florida Times-Union.
  12. "Recovering Manhattan Beach: Florida's First African American Beach Resort in the Segregated South | Beaches Museum". 28 April 2020.
  13. 1 2 3 "Preserving Black Historical Resorts Is a Radical Act".
  14. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/inkwell-martha-s-vineyard-1890s/
  15. Nugent, Tom (1 January 2003). "Idlewild, 'the Resort That Segregation Built'". Washington Post. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  16. Missouri Avenue
  17. DeSanto, John (December 22, 2019). "Story of Greenwood Forest Farms is our history". Times Herald-Record. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
  18. Dunning, Jennifer (1998-12-08). "Peg Leg Bates, One-Legged Dancer, Dies at 91". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
  19. https://community.village.virginia.edu/greenbooks/content/rainbow-acres
  20. "BLACK HISTORY: The history of Freeman Beach". February 23, 2019.
  21. "When Luxury Was a Luxury: The Rise and Fall of NC's First All-Black Resort - Cardinal & Pine". cardinalpine.com. 6 August 2021.
  22. https://routes-mag.com/ssue-1993-7/
  23. "Va.'s Historic Black Beaches Spotlighted in New Exhibit". 21 September 2021.
  24. "Green Books". community.village.virginia.edu.
  25. Hodge, Paul (1982-01-07). "Park Service to Determine Future of Historic Hains Point". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-09-04.
  26. https://thegrio.com/2022/10/17/wisconsins-first-black-owned-resort-property-receives-historic-marker/

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